{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2470536298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2786451.2786475","title":"Observing Social Machines Part 2: How to Observe?","display_name":"Observing Social Machines Part 2: How to Observe?","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2470536298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2786451.2786475","mag":"2470536298"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2786451.2786475","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2786451.2786475","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Web Science Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/379506/1/379506.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059614463","display_name":"David De Roure","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9074-3016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David De Roure","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111972063","display_name":"Clare Hooper","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silas Hooper","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT Innovation Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT Innovation Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041918610","display_name":"Kevin Page","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1668-6540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Page","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018910658","display_name":"S Tarte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2789-7896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00e9gol\u00e8ne Tarte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055803071","display_name":"Pip Willcox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4060-3255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158484","display_name":"Bodle Technologies (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/0514g5649","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158484"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pip Willcox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158484","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059614463"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7142,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73364894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.974399983882904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociality","display_name":"Sociality","score":0.7941004037857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.7235735654830933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6609113812446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.6520278453826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5880197882652283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4791761636734009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4606902599334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4341250956058502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.35961228609085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3066478967666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13146641850471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.06837809085845947}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176544851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3307505","display_name":"Sociality","level":2,"score":0.7941004037857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.7235735654830933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6609113812446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6520278453826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5880197882652283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4791761636734009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4606902599334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4341250956058502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.35961228609085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3066478967666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13146641850471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.06837809085845947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2786451.2786475","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2786451.2786475","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Web Science Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:379506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/379506/1/379506.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:379506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/379506/1/379506.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1440821553","display_name":"SOCIAM: The Theory and Practice of Social Machines","funder_award_id":"EP/J017728/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1934935867","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Engineering and Physical Sciences R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2336299548","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J017728/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3015293812","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J017728/2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3089677623","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"288082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338370","funder_display_name":"FP7 Information and Communication Technologies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4513619234","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"288082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4831559127","display_name":"Fusing Semantic and Audio Technologies for Intelligent Music Production and Consumption","funder_award_id":"EP/L019981/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5105763708","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J017728","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5483342299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP7-ICT","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8299554379","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"600854","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338370","display_name":"FP7 Information and Communication Technologies","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2470536298.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2470536298.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50843133","https://openalex.org/W68858914","https://openalex.org/W94656416","https://openalex.org/W1812652964","https://openalex.org/W1883676992","https://openalex.org/W1923683532","https://openalex.org/W1982393014","https://openalex.org/W2036356030","https://openalex.org/W2039238370","https://openalex.org/W2100411905","https://openalex.org/W2100967449","https://openalex.org/W2104108574","https://openalex.org/W2105871319","https://openalex.org/W2112193291","https://openalex.org/W2123150926","https://openalex.org/W2142175823","https://openalex.org/W2144010090","https://openalex.org/W2284896214","https://openalex.org/W2295675274","https://openalex.org/W2317967698","https://openalex.org/W2472587792","https://openalex.org/W3100923908","https://openalex.org/W3102538720"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2753379398","https://openalex.org/W2048289471","https://openalex.org/W2108259008","https://openalex.org/W2081647779","https://openalex.org/W1534739252","https://openalex.org/W2357313304","https://openalex.org/W2046964780","https://openalex.org/W2031527081","https://openalex.org/W1998527728"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0,10],"machines":[1,62,75],"are":[2],"increasingly":[3],"attracting":[4],"study.":[5],"In":[6],"our":[7,32],"paper":[8],"\"Observing":[9],"Machines":[11],"Part":[12,38],"1:":[13],"what":[14],"to":[15,44],"observe?\"":[16],"we":[17,40],"scoped":[18],"the":[19,54,67,71,77,81,88],"task":[20],"of":[21,50,56,73,83,90],"observing":[22],"them.":[23],"Several":[24],"exercises":[25],"that":[26,52],"have":[27,29],"followed":[28],"further":[30],"informed":[31],"thinking":[33],"and":[34,70,92],"methodologies.":[35],"Here,":[36],"in":[37],"2,":[39],"reflect":[41],"on":[42],"how":[43],"observe?":[45],"We":[46],"promote":[47],"a":[48],"variety":[49],"methodologies":[51],"transcend":[53],"study":[55],"individual":[57],"social":[58,61,74],"machines,":[59],"recognizing":[60],"as":[63],"co-constituted":[64],"processes":[65],"within":[66],"evolving":[68],"Web,":[69],"intersection":[72],"with":[76],"physical":[78],"world":[79],"through":[80],"Internet":[82],"Things.":[84],"Our":[85],"approaches":[86],"emphasize":[87],"importance":[89],"sociality":[91],"human-centric":[93],"perspectives.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
