{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2091026532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2785989.2785994","title":"Lost in Network Address Translation","display_name":"Lost in Network Address Translation","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2091026532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2785989.2785994","mag":"2091026532"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2785989.2785994","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2785989.2785994","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Hot Topics in Middleboxes and Network Function Virtualization","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021802209","display_name":"Vladimir Olteanu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Andrei Olteanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030835508","display_name":"Felipe Huici","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9094-3585"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felipe Huici","raw_affiliation_strings":["NEC Europe Ltd., London, England UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEC Europe Ltd., London, England UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008493066","display_name":"Costin Raiciu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5937-2162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Costin Raiciu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021802209"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9954,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92111571,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/openflow","display_name":"OpenFlow","score":0.9453451633453369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7412291765213013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6323437690734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-networking","display_name":"Software-defined networking","score":0.6029879450798035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-address-translation","display_name":"Network address translation","score":0.5881849527359009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.505711555480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.49787449836730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.477083295583725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/networking-hardware","display_name":"Networking hardware","score":0.46825915575027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.412285178899765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3465762734413147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3442828059196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.20436593890190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.13793078064918518}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192697461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4045918","display_name":"OpenFlow","level":3,"score":0.9453451633453369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7412291765213013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6323437690734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77270119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1655198","display_name":"Software-defined networking","level":2,"score":0.6029879450798035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147873670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11182","display_name":"Network address translation","level":4,"score":0.5881849527359009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.505711555480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.49787449836730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.477083295583725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159631557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1546066","display_name":"Networking hardware","level":2,"score":0.46825915575027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.412285178899765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3465762734413147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3442828059196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.20436593890190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.13793078064918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35341882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8795","display_name":"Internet Protocol","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2785989.2785994","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2785989.2785994","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Hot Topics in Middleboxes and Network Function Virtualization","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1435010830","https://openalex.org/W1577170445","https://openalex.org/W1604234259","https://openalex.org/W1790874114","https://openalex.org/W1973917693","https://openalex.org/W1997269120","https://openalex.org/W2010365467","https://openalex.org/W2105545278","https://openalex.org/W2106352837","https://openalex.org/W2123372830","https://openalex.org/W2136930733","https://openalex.org/W2142972529","https://openalex.org/W2159279524","https://openalex.org/W2165699948"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2520562984","https://openalex.org/W2597541889","https://openalex.org/W2766408025","https://openalex.org/W3022534136","https://openalex.org/W2002492666","https://openalex.org/W2886777432","https://openalex.org/W2966664117","https://openalex.org/W2357433340","https://openalex.org/W2059171562","https://openalex.org/W3048841392"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"understand":[1],"whether":[2],"the":[3,23,31,41,101,136],"promise":[4],"of":[5,22,38,44,85,121,135],"Network":[6],"Function":[7],"Virtualization":[8],"can":[9,112],"be":[10],"accomplished":[11],"in":[12,40,46,49,94],"practice,":[13],"we":[14,52,74,78],"set":[15],"out":[16],"to":[17,57,63,90],"create":[18,58],"a":[19,36,59,69,95,109,119,133],"software":[20],"version":[21],"simplest":[24],"middlebox":[25],"that":[26,54,97,111],"keeps":[27],"per":[28],"flow":[29],"state:":[30],"NAT.":[32],"While":[33],"there":[34],"is":[35,108],"lot":[37,70],"literature":[39],"wide":[42],"area":[43],"SDN":[45],"general":[47],"and":[48],"scaling":[50],"middleboxes,":[51],"find":[53],"by":[55],"aiming":[56],"NAT":[60],"good":[61],"enough":[62],"compete":[64],"with":[65,123,128],"hardware":[66],"appliances":[67],"requires":[68],"more":[71],"care":[72],"than":[73],"had":[75],"thought":[76],"when":[77],"started":[79],"our":[80],"work.":[81],"In":[82],"particular,":[83],"limitations":[84],"OpenFlow":[86],"switches":[87],"force":[88],"us":[89],"rethink":[91],"load":[92],"balancing":[93],"way":[96],"does":[98],"not":[99],"involve":[100],"centralized":[102],"controller":[103],"at":[104,132],"all.":[105],"The":[106],"result":[107],"solution":[110],"sustain,":[113],"on":[114,126],"six":[115],"low-end":[116],"commodity":[117],"boxes,":[118],"throughput":[120],"40Gbps":[122],"64B":[124],"packets,":[125],"par":[127],"industrial":[129],"offerings":[130],"but":[131],"third":[134],"cost.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
