{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010042481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2785956.2787499","title":"InterTubes","display_name":"InterTubes","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010042481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2785956.2787499","mag":"2010042481"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2785956.2787499","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2785956.2787499","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2785956.2787499","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Conference on Special Interest Group on Data Communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2785956.2787499","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064327280","display_name":"Ramakrishnan Durairajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2859-5598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ramakrishnan Durairajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043427561","display_name":"Paul Barford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7874-1819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Barford","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin - Madison and comScore, Inc., Madison, WI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin - Madison and comScore, Inc., Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077852213","display_name":"Joel Sommers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4872-6532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39660569","display_name":"Colgate University","ror":"https://ror.org/05d23ve83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39660569"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel Sommers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA","*Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39660569"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39660569"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082255432","display_name":"Walter Willinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1384-8188"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter Willinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIKSUN, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIKSUN, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064327280"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.219,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95806691,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"565","last_page":"578"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9686999917030334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9686999917030334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.9254000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.920799970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traceroute","display_name":"traceroute","score":0.6841869354248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6668214797973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/installation","display_name":"Installation","score":0.5929605960845947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.4813185930252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.46439793705940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4448937773704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.4256618916988373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.40343740582466125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3922579288482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.20838665962219238}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157497606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603227","display_name":"traceroute","level":3,"score":0.6841869354248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6668214797973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146778888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836862","display_name":"Installation","level":2,"score":0.5929605960845947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.4813185930252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.46439793705940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4448937773704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4256618916988373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.40343740582466125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3922579288482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.20838665962219238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2785956.2787499","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2785956.2787499","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2785956.2787499","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Conference on Special Interest Group on Data Communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2785956.2787499","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2785956.2787499","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2785956.2787499","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Conference on Special Interest Group on Data Communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480890898","display_name":"CAREER: Expanding the Functionality of Internet Routers","funder_award_id":"1054985","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7351711606","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1054985","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7481087648","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-12-2-0328","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","funder_display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2010042481.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2010042481.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79907666","https://openalex.org/W650065475","https://openalex.org/W1530120774","https://openalex.org/W1531987553","https://openalex.org/W1988182815","https://openalex.org/W1989886489","https://openalex.org/W2011047332","https://openalex.org/W2018645873","https://openalex.org/W2023488380","https://openalex.org/W2029582349","https://openalex.org/W2038858357","https://openalex.org/W2045239101","https://openalex.org/W2046438299","https://openalex.org/W2049248012","https://openalex.org/W2062939617","https://openalex.org/W2070414912","https://openalex.org/W2097675365","https://openalex.org/W2105808107","https://openalex.org/W2110980583","https://openalex.org/W2117226155","https://openalex.org/W2118430344","https://openalex.org/W2124472784","https://openalex.org/W2125786476","https://openalex.org/W2129038299","https://openalex.org/W2131493074","https://openalex.org/W2139542924","https://openalex.org/W2142542599","https://openalex.org/W2144553078","https://openalex.org/W2158129271","https://openalex.org/W2166853440","https://openalex.org/W2168535919","https://openalex.org/W2305012108","https://openalex.org/W3123918069","https://openalex.org/W3141527788","https://openalex.org/W4205862895","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4388228340","https://openalex.org/W6681019726"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077631231","https://openalex.org/W2986695989","https://openalex.org/W2380307373","https://openalex.org/W2103651859","https://openalex.org/W1982042333","https://openalex.org/W2117825463","https://openalex.org/W2107754621","https://openalex.org/W2044892353","https://openalex.org/W60551819","https://openalex.org/W2120754938"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"complexity":[1],"and":[2,31,55,86,103,112,142,159,197],"enormous":[3],"costs":[4],"of":[5,17,33,63,80,93,120,167,177,187],"installing":[6],"new":[7,152],"long-haul":[8,39,65,109],"fiber-optic":[9,40,67,134],"infrastructure":[10,18,34,135],"has":[11],"led":[12],"to":[13,59,89,172,180,193],"a":[14,61,105,165],"significant":[15],"amount":[16],"sharing":[19,35],"in":[20,42,77],"previously":[21,73,155],"installed":[22],"conduits.":[23],"In":[24,161],"this":[25],"paper,":[26],"we":[27,116,183],"study":[28],"the":[29,38,43,64,78,91,98,118,174,178,185],"characteristics":[30,102],"implications":[32,186],"by":[36,47,52,123,150],"analyzing":[37],"network":[41,179],"US.":[44],"We":[45,69,96,137],"start":[46],"using":[48],"fiber":[49],"maps":[50],"provided":[51],"tier-1":[53],"ISPs":[54],"major":[56],"cable":[57],"providers":[58],"construct":[60],"map":[62],"US":[66],"infrastructure.":[68],"also":[70],"rely":[71],"on":[72,164,190],"under-utilized":[74],"data":[75],"sources":[76],"form":[79],"public":[81],"records":[82],"from":[83,128],"federal,":[84],"state,":[85],"municipal":[87],"agencies":[88],"improve":[90,173],"fidelity":[92],"our":[94,133,188],"map.":[95,136],"quantify":[97],"resulting":[99,127],"map's":[100],"connectivity":[101],"confirm":[104],"clear":[106],"correspondence":[107],"between":[108],"fiber-optic,":[110],"roadway,":[111],"railway":[113],"infrastructures.":[114],"Next,":[115],"examine":[117],"prevalence":[119],"high-risk":[121,168],"links":[122,153,169],"mapping":[124],"end-to-end":[125],"paths":[126],"large-scale":[129],"traceroute":[130],"campaigns":[131],"onto":[132],"show":[138],"how":[139],"both":[140],"risk":[141],"latency":[143],"(i.e.,":[144],"propagation":[145],"delay)":[146],"can":[147],"be":[148],"reduced":[149],"deploying":[151],"along":[154],"unused":[156],"transportation":[157],"corridors":[158],"rights-of-way.":[160],"particular,":[162],"focusing":[163],"subset":[166],"is":[170],"sufficient":[171],"overall":[175],"robustness":[176],"failures.":[181],"Finally,":[182],"discuss":[184],"findings":[189],"issues":[191],"related":[192],"performance,":[194],"net":[195],"neutrality,":[196],"policy":[198],"decision-making.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-20T07:46:08.049788","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}