{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1999793044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2771783.2771799","title":"RTCM: a natural language based, automated, and practical test case generation framework","display_name":"RTCM: a natural language based, automated, and practical test case generation framework","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1999793044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2771783.2771799","mag":"1999793044"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2771783.2771799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2771783.2771799","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058828089","display_name":"Tao Yue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3262-5577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799829267","display_name":"Simula Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/00vn06n10","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simula Research Laboratory, Norway / University of Oslo, Norway","[Simula Research Laboratory, Norway, University of Oslo, Norway]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simula Research Laboratory, Norway / University of Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267","https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Simula Research Laboratory, Norway, University of Oslo, Norway]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076142098","display_name":"Shaukat Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9979-3519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799829267","display_name":"Simula Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/00vn06n10","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaukat Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simula Research Laboratory, Norway","Simula Research Laboratory., Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simula Research Laboratory, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simula Research Laboratory., Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100353083","display_name":"Man Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1204-9322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799829267","display_name":"Simula Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/00vn06n10","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Man Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simula Research Laboratory, Norway","Simula Research Laboratory., Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simula Research Laboratory, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simula Research Laboratory., Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799829267"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.4514,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9787234,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"397","last_page":"408"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.8071519136428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8014291524887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case","display_name":"Test case","score":0.6861602067947388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.634714663028717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-harness","display_name":"Test harness","score":0.6328495740890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-script","display_name":"Test script","score":0.6076929569244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-management-approach","display_name":"Test Management Approach","score":0.561942458152771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5582072734832764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5073351263999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.4770059883594513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.42620474100112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3313142955303192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3027964234352112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.1945723295211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.15035086870193481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.8071519136428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8014291524887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.6861602067947388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.634714663028717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109852812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2406355","display_name":"Test harness","level":5,"score":0.6328495740890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109086967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2509100","display_name":"Test script","level":4,"score":0.6076929569244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7435765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705776","display_name":"Test Management Approach","level":5,"score":0.561942458152771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5582072734832764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5073351263999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.4770059883594513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.42620474100112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3313142955303192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3027964234352112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.1945723295211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.15035086870193481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2771783.2771799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2771783.2771799","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1234225","https://openalex.org/W39918052","https://openalex.org/W76834769","https://openalex.org/W77165982","https://openalex.org/W587941652","https://openalex.org/W999459616","https://openalex.org/W1529377943","https://openalex.org/W1535648515","https://openalex.org/W1561710669","https://openalex.org/W1567939684","https://openalex.org/W1794343297","https://openalex.org/W1855177298","https://openalex.org/W1972375918","https://openalex.org/W2000120760","https://openalex.org/W2013108033","https://openalex.org/W2014309790","https://openalex.org/W2029364734","https://openalex.org/W2052555472","https://openalex.org/W2052801068","https://openalex.org/W2087634802","https://openalex.org/W2090908516","https://openalex.org/W2101748541","https://openalex.org/W2126330798","https://openalex.org/W2126860866","https://openalex.org/W2140213734","https://openalex.org/W2146112670","https://openalex.org/W2175531066","https://openalex.org/W2399272228","https://openalex.org/W2399584056","https://openalex.org/W2486710678","https://openalex.org/W2506155917","https://openalex.org/W3010856131","https://openalex.org/W3185403326","https://openalex.org/W4230313442","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2949730628","https://openalex.org/W2392299784","https://openalex.org/W3006257721","https://openalex.org/W2109315538","https://openalex.org/W2996721186","https://openalex.org/W86846735","https://openalex.org/W2149419207","https://openalex.org/W3023720272","https://openalex.org/W3175215928","https://openalex.org/W2204156854"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Based":[0],"on":[1,16,134,178,183,233],"our":[2,244,257],"experience":[3,245],"of":[4,29,38,101,139,145,189,211,246],"collaborating":[5],"with":[6,259],"industry,":[7,114],"we":[8,115,151,191,207,241],"observed":[9],"that":[10],"test":[11,17,27,47,59,66,70,75,88,95,154,170,175,225,228],"case":[12,18,76,155,196],"generation":[13,156],"usually":[14],"relies":[15],"specifications":[19],"(TCSs),":[20],"commonly":[21,44],"written":[22],"in":[23,61,68,118,162,251],"natural":[24,135],"language,":[25,123],"specifying":[26],"cases":[28,60,67,89,171,229],"a":[30,35,69,98,121,143,153,212],"System":[31,215],"Under":[32],"Test":[33,127],"at":[34],"high":[36],"level":[37],"abstraction.":[39],"In":[40,78,238],"practice,":[41],"TCSs":[42,85,161],"are":[43],"used":[45],"by":[46,94,108,217],"engineers":[48],"as":[49,125,164],"reference":[50],"documents":[51],"to":[52,91],"perform":[53],"these":[54],"activities:":[55],"1)":[56],"Manually":[57,64],"executing":[58],"TCSs;":[62],"2)":[63],"coding":[65,102],"scripting":[71],"language":[72,136],"for":[73],"automated":[74],"execution.":[77],"the":[79,82,109,113,187,239],"latter":[80],"case,":[81],"gap":[83],"between":[84],"and":[86,104,137,148,166,198,221,249,255],"executable":[87,174,224],"has":[90],"be":[92],"filled":[93],"engineers,":[96],"requiring":[97],"significant":[99],"amount":[100],"effort":[103],"domain":[105],"knowledge.":[106],"Motivated":[107],"above":[110],"observations":[111],"from":[112],"first":[116],"propose,":[117],"this":[119],"paper,":[120,240],"TCS":[122],"named":[124],"Restricted":[126],"Case":[128],"Modeling":[129],"(RTCM),":[130],"which":[131,159],"is":[132],"based":[133,177],"composed":[138],"an":[140,252],"easy-to-use":[141],"template,":[142],"set":[144],"restriction":[146],"rules":[147],"keywords.":[149],"Second,":[150],"propose":[152],"tool":[157],"(aToucan4Test),":[158],"takes":[160],"RTCM":[163,248],"input":[165],"generates":[167],"either":[168],"manual":[169],"or":[172],"automatically":[173,201,222],"cases,":[176],"various":[179],"coverage":[180],"criteria":[181],"defined":[182],"RTCM.":[184],"To":[185,204],"assess":[186],"applicability":[188],"RTCM,":[190],"manually":[192],"modeled":[193,208],"two":[194,234],"industrial":[195,253],"studies":[197],"examined":[199],"30":[200],"generated":[202,223],"TCSs.":[203],"evaluate":[205],"aToucan4Test,":[206],"three":[209],"subsystems":[210],"Video":[213],"Conferencing":[214],"developed":[216],"Cisco":[218],"Systems,":[219],"Norway":[220],"cases.":[226],"These":[227],"were":[230],"successfully":[231],"executed":[232],"commercial":[235],"software":[236],"versions.":[237],"also":[242],"discuss":[243],"applying":[247],"aToucan4Test":[250],"context":[254],"compare":[256],"approach":[258],"other":[260],"model-based":[261],"testing":[262],"methodologies.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}