{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012380206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2771783.2771797","title":"Evaluating the usefulness of IR-based fault localization techniques","display_name":"Evaluating the usefulness of IR-based fault localization techniques","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012380206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2771783.2771797","mag":"2012380206"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2771783.2771797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2771783.2771797","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038243976","display_name":"Qianqian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2574-0120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800444561","display_name":"Atlanta Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/01s3vfp47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800444561"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianqian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Tech, USA","Georgia Tech, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Tech, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800444561","https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Tech, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024034818","display_name":"Chris Parnin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6182-815X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Parnin","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030961858","display_name":"Alessandro Orso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4516-9320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800444561","display_name":"Atlanta Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/01s3vfp47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800444561"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Orso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Tech, USA","Georgia Tech, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Tech, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800444561","https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Tech, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":32.9828,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":135,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99617758,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.880791187286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8107918500900269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.6248199343681335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-bug","display_name":"Software bug","score":0.6189668774604797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.579653263092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.54469895362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.5000669956207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.4484083354473114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.44065073132514954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3608035147190094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.269187867641449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11290082335472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10286808013916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.0900755226612091}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.880791187286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8107918500900269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6248199343681335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.6189668774604797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.579653263092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.54469895362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.5000669956207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4484083354473114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.44065073132514954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3608035147190094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.269187867641449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11290082335472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10286808013916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0900755226612091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2771783.2771797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2771783.2771797","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6920295955","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF- 1320783 and CCF-1161821","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308943","display_name":"Microsoft Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309321","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W115905605","https://openalex.org/W1528125755","https://openalex.org/W1532325895","https://openalex.org/W1574376759","https://openalex.org/W1574901103","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W1985947101","https://openalex.org/W1988429542","https://openalex.org/W2016830935","https://openalex.org/W2038847163","https://openalex.org/W2049238280","https://openalex.org/W2067436653","https://openalex.org/W2089759055","https://openalex.org/W2101819268","https://openalex.org/W2109246119","https://openalex.org/W2110220994","https://openalex.org/W2116737258","https://openalex.org/W2117593603","https://openalex.org/W2123659430","https://openalex.org/W2135541598","https://openalex.org/W2147152072","https://openalex.org/W2157922094","https://openalex.org/W2162376048","https://openalex.org/W2165612380","https://openalex.org/W2293624369","https://openalex.org/W4233319527","https://openalex.org/W4246553962","https://openalex.org/W4256251415","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2740264376","https://openalex.org/W4206999239","https://openalex.org/W2900719967","https://openalex.org/W2161928627","https://openalex.org/W3096156304","https://openalex.org/W4321791309","https://openalex.org/W2787155073","https://openalex.org/W2727867943","https://openalex.org/W3015562293","https://openalex.org/W2621101275"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Software":[0],"debugging":[1,115],"is":[2,62,100,122,193],"tedious":[3],"and":[4,145,232],"time":[5,228],"consuming.":[6],"To":[7],"reduce":[8],"the":[9,25,68,71,111,125,153,182,216,234],"manual":[10],"effort":[11],"needed":[12],"for":[13],"debugging,":[14],"researchers":[15],"have":[16,38,50,89],"proposed":[17],"a":[18,163,199],"considerable":[19],"number":[20,201],"of":[21,27,70,114,119,127,155,202],"techniques":[22,32,49,88,129,187],"to":[23,64,123,196,215],"automate":[24],"process":[26],"fault":[28],"localization;":[29],"in":[30,42,130,198,206,225],"particular,":[31],"based":[33],"on":[34,67,190],"information":[35,81,183,210],"retrieval":[36],"(IR)":[37],"drawn":[39],"increased":[40],"attention":[41],"recent":[43],"years.":[44],"Although":[45],"reportedly":[46],"effective,":[47],"these":[48,87,156,207],"some":[51],"potential":[52],"limitations":[53],"that":[54,78,95,136,146,166,237],"may":[55],"affect":[56,152],"their":[57,60,226],"performance.":[58],"First,":[59],"effectiveness":[61,154],"likely":[63],"depend":[65],"heavily":[66],"quality":[69],"bug":[72,76,137,148,168,235],"reports;":[73],"unfortunately,":[74],"high-quality":[75,167,191],"reports":[77,138,149,169,192],"contain":[79,142],"rich":[80,143],"are":[82],"not":[83,90,140,222],"always":[84,141],"available.":[85],"Second,":[86],"been":[91],"evaluated":[92],"through":[93,162],"studies":[94],"involve":[96],"actual":[97,112],"developers,":[98],"which":[99],"less":[101],"than":[102],"ideal,":[103],"as":[104,173,175],"purely":[105],"analytical":[106],"evaluations":[107],"can":[108,150],"hardly":[109],"show":[110],"usefulness":[113,126],"techniques.":[116,157,179],"The":[117],"goal":[118],"this":[120],"work":[121],"evaluate":[124],"IR-based":[128,178,186],"real-world":[131],"scenarios.":[132],"Our":[133,158],"investigation":[134],"shows":[135],"do":[139],"information,":[144],"low-quality":[147],"considerably":[151],"research":[159],"also":[160],"shows,":[161],"user":[164],"study,":[165],"benefit":[170,177],"developers":[171,197,213],"just":[172],"much":[174],"they":[176],"In":[180],"fact,":[181],"provided":[184],"by":[185],"when":[188],"operating":[189],"only":[194,211],"helpful":[195],"limited":[200],"cases.":[203],"And":[204],"even":[205],"cases,":[208],"such":[209],"helps":[212],"get":[214],"faulty":[217],"file":[218],"quickly,":[219],"but":[220],"does":[221],"help":[223],"them":[224],"most":[227],"consuming":[229],"task:":[230],"understanding":[231],"fixing":[233],"within":[236],"file.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
