{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080658418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2753761","title":"Memory-Model-Aware Testing","display_name":"Memory-Model-Aware Testing","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080658418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2753761","mag":"2080658418"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2753761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2753761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047398875","display_name":"Florian Furbach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4922-9363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152675","display_name":"Rheinland-Pf\u00e4lzische Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern-Landau","ror":"https://ror.org/01qrts582","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152675"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian Furbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Kaiserslautern"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Kaiserslautern","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046","https://openalex.org/I4387152675"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085643838","display_name":"Roland Meyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8495-671X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152675","display_name":"Rheinland-Pf\u00e4lzische Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern-Landau","ror":"https://ror.org/01qrts582","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152675"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roland Meyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Kaiserslautern"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Kaiserslautern","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046","https://openalex.org/I4387152675"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081184867","display_name":"Klaus Schneider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1305-7132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152675","display_name":"Rheinland-Pf\u00e4lzische Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern-Landau","ror":"https://ror.org/01qrts582","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152675"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Kaiserslautern"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Kaiserslautern","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046","https://openalex.org/I4387152675"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007088441","display_name":"Maximilian Senftleben","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3360-2887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152675","display_name":"Rheinland-Pf\u00e4lzische Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern-Landau","ror":"https://ror.org/01qrts582","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152675"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maximilian Senftleben","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Kaiserslautern"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Kaiserslautern","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046","https://openalex.org/I4387152675"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.142,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87259499,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8928543329238892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-model","display_name":"Memory model","score":0.698172926902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5472445487976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency-model","display_name":"Consistency model","score":0.5370022654533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-consistency","display_name":"Sequential consistency","score":0.5160446166992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5067608952522278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-hierarchy","display_name":"Memory hierarchy","score":0.48594844341278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shared-memory","display_name":"Shared memory","score":0.4758983552455902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-management","display_name":"Memory management","score":0.44996872544288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.44869378209114075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.44307440519332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.425537645816803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.362270712852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.27391472458839417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.25570815801620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16780662536621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overlay","display_name":"Overlay","score":0.14125677943229675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-consistency","display_name":"Data consistency","score":0.11843261122703552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8928543329238892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12186640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815743","display_name":"Memory model","level":3,"score":0.698172926902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5472445487976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37279795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2492305","display_name":"Consistency model","level":3,"score":0.5370022654533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82029504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4373882","display_name":"Sequential consistency","level":4,"score":0.5160446166992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5067608952522278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778100165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589327","display_name":"Memory hierarchy","level":3,"score":0.48594844341278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133875982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764810","display_name":"Shared memory","level":2,"score":0.4758983552455902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176649486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308807","display_name":"Memory management","level":3,"score":0.44996872544288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.44869378209114075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44307440519332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.425537645816803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.362270712852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.27391472458839417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.25570815801620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16780662536621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136085584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910289","display_name":"Overlay","level":2,"score":0.14125677943229675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93361087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4426698","display_name":"Data consistency","level":2,"score":0.11843261122703552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2753761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2753761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W123460966","https://openalex.org/W149053240","https://openalex.org/W196827001","https://openalex.org/W1483960654","https://openalex.org/W1522958625","https://openalex.org/W1555915743","https://openalex.org/W1594825470","https://openalex.org/W1602156367","https://openalex.org/W1843585894","https://openalex.org/W1913137593","https://openalex.org/W1915338469","https://openalex.org/W1971332773","https://openalex.org/W1976646422","https://openalex.org/W1981959925","https://openalex.org/W1986463648","https://openalex.org/W2025301734","https://openalex.org/W2029601347","https://openalex.org/W2039529128","https://openalex.org/W2046793036","https://openalex.org/W2054739713","https://openalex.org/W2079605740","https://openalex.org/W2096004601","https://openalex.org/W2101309537","https://openalex.org/W2105980774","https://openalex.org/W2107901871","https://openalex.org/W2116649658","https://openalex.org/W2121064036","https://openalex.org/W2128551356","https://openalex.org/W2134184428","https://openalex.org/W2248727051","https://openalex.org/W2326675668","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W4214622669","https://openalex.org/W4242620488","https://openalex.org/W4248790694"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036306661","https://openalex.org/W1569741251","https://openalex.org/W4300963581","https://openalex.org/W4317827391","https://openalex.org/W1496676675","https://openalex.org/W2110339542","https://openalex.org/W2497938157","https://openalex.org/W2999610704","https://openalex.org/W1524267037","https://openalex.org/W1606518252"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"improve":[1],"the":[2,5,21,45,49,96,114,119,129,132,138,145,148,154,159,165,201,220,224,238,247,274,280,304,314],"performance":[3],"of":[4,20,48,89,113,121,131,137,150,156,161,167,194,240,249,303],"memory":[6,11,15,46,57,64,123,140,185,203,262,276,311,335],"system,":[7],"multiprocessors":[8],"implement":[9],"weak":[10,334],"consistency":[12],"models.":[13,141,277,336],"Weak":[14],"models":[16,58,204,312],"admit":[17],"different":[18],"views":[19],"processes":[22],"on":[23,147,187],"their":[24,162,319],"load":[25],"and":[26,62,164,196,264],"store":[27],"instructions,":[28],"thus":[29],"allowing":[30],"for":[31,92,135,273,279,294,309,346],"computations":[32],"that":[33,117,181,200,232,288,307,340],"are":[34,289,326,343],"not":[35],"sequentially":[36],"consistent.":[37],"Program":[38],"analyses":[39],"have":[40,59],"to":[41,78,102,110,235,268,317,329,332],"take":[42],"into":[43],"account":[44],"model":[47,65,124,186,210],"targeted":[50],"hardware.":[51],"This":[52],"is":[53,101,177,211],"challenging":[54],"because":[55],"numerous":[56],"been":[60],"developed,":[61],"every":[63],"requires":[66],"its":[67,188],"own":[68],"analysis.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71],"article,":[72],"we":[73,143,227,245,265,283,297],"study":[74,144],"a":[75,122,178,206,241,299],"prominent":[76],"approach":[77,180],"program":[79,116],"analysis:":[80],"testing.":[81,347],"The":[82,99],"testing":[83,133,242,286,305],"problem":[84,134,250,306],"takes":[85],"as":[86,153],"input":[87],"sequences":[88,106],"operations,":[90],"one":[91,209,216],"each":[93,184],"process":[94],"in":[95,313,321],"concurrent":[97,157],"program.":[98],"task":[100],"check":[103],"whether":[104],"these":[105],"can":[107],"be":[108],"interleaved":[109],"an":[111],"execution":[112],"entire":[115],"respects":[118],"constraints":[120],"under":[125],"consideration.":[126],"We":[127,190],"determine":[128,237],"complexity":[130,149,239,253],"most":[136],"known":[139],"Moreover,":[142,337],"impact":[146],"parameters,":[151],"such":[152],"number":[155,166],"processes,":[158],"length":[160],"executions,":[163],"shared":[168],"variables.":[169],"What":[170],"differentiates":[171],"our":[172],"contribution":[173],"from":[174,252],"related":[175],"results":[176,260,325],"uniform":[179],"avoids":[182],"considering":[183],"own.":[189],"build":[191],"upon":[192],"work":[193],"Steinke":[195],"Nutt.":[197],"They":[198],"showed":[199],"existing":[202],"form":[205],"hierarchy":[207,316],"where":[208],"called":[212],"weaker":[213,281],"than":[214],"another":[215],"if":[217],"it":[218],"includes":[219],"latter\u2019s":[221],"behavior.":[222],"Using":[223],"Steinke-Nutt":[225,315],"hierarchy,":[226],"develop":[228],"three":[229],"general":[230,327],"concepts":[231],"allow":[233],"us":[234],"quickly":[236],"problem.":[243],"First,":[244],"generalize":[246],"technique":[248],"reductions":[251,257],"theory.":[254],"So-called":[255],"range":[256],"propagate":[258],"hardness":[259],"between":[261],"models,":[263,282],"apply":[266],"them":[267],"establish":[269],"NP":[270,322],"lower":[271],"bounds":[272],"stronger":[275],"Second,":[278],"present":[284],"polynomial-time":[285],"algorithms":[287,293],"inspired":[290],"by":[291],"determinization":[292],"automata.":[295],"Finally,":[296],"describe":[298],"single":[300],"SAT":[301,341],"encoding":[302],"works":[308],"all":[310],"prove":[318],"membership":[320],".":[323],"Our":[324],"enough":[328],"carry":[330],"over":[331],"future":[333],"they":[338],"show":[339],"solvers":[342],"adequate":[344],"tools":[345]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
