{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1985280909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2745802.2745805","title":"An empirical analysis of the utilization of multiple programming languages in open source projects","display_name":"An empirical analysis of the utilization of multiple programming languages in open source projects","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1985280909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2745802.2745805","mag":"1985280909"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2745802.2745805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2745802.2745805","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2745802.2745805?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2745802.2745805?download=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063879006","display_name":"Philip Mayer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4319-4135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philip Mayer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084543023","display_name":"Alexander Bauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5262-4315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Bauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063879006"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.117,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94152243,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7705961465835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-generation-programming-language","display_name":"Second-generation programming language","score":0.681812047958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourth-generation-programming-language","display_name":"Fourth-generation programming language","score":0.6565017104148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparison-of-multi-paradigm-programming-languages","display_name":"Comparison of multi-paradigm programming languages","score":0.6330317258834839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-specific-language","display_name":"Domain-specific language","score":0.6097283959388733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/third-generation-programming-language","display_name":"Third-generation programming language","score":0.5150578022003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xml","display_name":"XML","score":0.4836329221725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.46987205743789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fifth-generation-programming-language","display_name":"Fifth-generation programming language","score":0.4399414360523224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-subscriber-line","display_name":"Digital subscriber line","score":0.41076183319091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-paradigm","display_name":"Programming paradigm","score":0.28522300720214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.21240830421447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-logic-programming","display_name":"Functional logic programming","score":0.10503557324409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductive-programming","display_name":"Inductive programming","score":0.0869130790233612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7705961465835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11164408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18657800","display_name":"Second-generation programming language","level":4,"score":0.681812047958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145628200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q238137","display_name":"Fourth-generation programming language","level":5,"score":0.6565017104148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74149592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762446","display_name":"Comparison of multi-paradigm programming languages","level":5,"score":0.6330317258834839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135257023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691358","display_name":"Domain-specific language","level":2,"score":0.6097283959388733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206146517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1294375","display_name":"Third-generation programming language","level":5,"score":0.5150578022003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8797682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2115","display_name":"XML","level":2,"score":0.4836329221725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.46987205743789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199305712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3205914","display_name":"Fifth-generation programming language","level":3,"score":0.4399414360523224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201374245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104534","display_name":"Digital subscriber line","level":2,"score":0.41076183319091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.28522300720214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.21240830421447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96315309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5508829","display_name":"Functional logic programming","level":4,"score":0.10503557324409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50033165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15712089","display_name":"Inductive programming","level":3,"score":0.0869130790233612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2745802.2745805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2745802.2745805","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2745802.2745805?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.841.7498","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.841.7498","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.pst.ifi.lmu.de/%7Emayer/papers/2015-04-27_Multiple_Language_Utilization.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2745802.2745805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2745802.2745805","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2745802.2745805?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1985280909.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1985280909.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21169582","https://openalex.org/W604429516","https://openalex.org/W1484413656","https://openalex.org/W1506285740","https://openalex.org/W1947667990","https://openalex.org/W2054788588","https://openalex.org/W2085051041","https://openalex.org/W2169090130","https://openalex.org/W6628750762"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2460526744","https://openalex.org/W2582863885","https://openalex.org/W2338825929","https://openalex.org/W3028735927","https://openalex.org/W2600433657","https://openalex.org/W2787656176","https://openalex.org/W1973795410","https://openalex.org/W4244888611","https://openalex.org/W2999858054","https://openalex.org/W4312983267"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Anecdotal":[1],"evidence":[2,22],"suggests":[3],"that":[4],"software":[5,207],"applications":[6],"are":[7],"usually":[8],"implemented":[9],"using":[10,89,107],"a":[11,43,87,90,116,125,137,190],"combination":[12],"of":[13,26,34,55,62,72,80,84,86,119,140,144,153,161,165,205],"(programming)":[14],"languages.":[15],"Aim:":[16],"We":[17,30,113],"want":[18],"to":[19,46,182],"provide":[20],"empirical":[21],"on":[23,67,150],"the":[24,49,59,63,70,76,100,141,147,151],"phenomenon":[25],"multi-language":[27],"programming.":[28],"Methods:":[29],"use":[31],"data":[32],"mining":[33],"1150":[35],"open":[36],"source":[37],"projects":[38,50,187],"selected":[39],"for":[40,51],"diversity":[41],"from":[42],"public":[44],"repository":[45],"a)":[47,115],"investigate":[48],"number":[52,71,79,83,118,143,152,164],"and":[53,58,75,82,94,103,131,146,163,167,176,188,199,203],"type":[54],"languages":[56,73,102,105,121,154],"found":[57,74,106,114],"relative":[60],"sizes":[61],"languages;":[64],"b)":[65,136],"report":[66],"associations":[68,98],"between":[69,99],"size,":[77,142],"age,":[78],"contributors,":[81,166],"commits":[85],"project":[88,123],"(Quasi-)Poisson":[91],"regression":[92],"model,":[93],"c)":[95,168],"discuss":[96],"concrete":[97],"general-purpose":[101,129],"domain-specific":[104],"frequent":[108],"item":[109],"set":[110],"mining.":[111],"Results:":[112],"mean":[117],"5":[120,132],"per":[122],"with":[124,196],"clearly":[126],"dominant":[127],"main":[128,148],"language":[130,149,170],"often-used":[133],"DSL":[134],"types,":[135],"significant":[138,159],"influence":[139,160],"commits,":[145],"as":[155,157],"well":[156],"no":[158],"age":[162],"three":[169],"ecosystems":[171],"grouped":[172],"around":[173],"XML,":[174],"Shell/Make,":[175],"HTML/CSS.":[177],"Conclusions:":[178],"Multi-language":[179],"programming":[180],"seems":[181],"be":[183,194],"common":[184],"in":[185,197],"open-source":[186],"is":[189],"factor":[191],"which":[192],"must":[193],"dealt":[195],"tooling":[198],"when":[200],"assessing":[201],"development":[202],"maintenance":[204],"such":[206],"systems.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}