{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2094229633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2744769.2744878","title":"On using control signals for word-level identification in a gate-level netlist","display_name":"On using control signals for word-level identification in a gate-level netlist","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2094229633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2744769.2744878","mag":"2094229633"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2744769.2744878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2744769.2744878","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030490570","display_name":"Edward Tashjian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edward Tashjian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin at Madison","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin at Madison, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin at Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin at Madison, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072204999","display_name":"Azadeh Davoodi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5213-2556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azadeh Davoodi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin at Madison","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin at Madison, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin at Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin at Madison, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030490570"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9689,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76065603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/netlist","display_name":"Netlist","score":0.9869616031646729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7480723857879639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.7146424055099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6453578472137451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.6003673076629639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5159938335418701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.47011128067970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3697994649410248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35304802656173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3159356713294983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09587210416793823}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177650935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1760303","display_name":"Netlist","level":2,"score":0.9869616031646729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7480723857879639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7146424055099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6453578472137451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.6003673076629639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5159938335418701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.47011128067970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3697994649410248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35304802656173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3159356713294983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09587210416793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2744769.2744878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2744769.2744878","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975359679","https://openalex.org/W1992787530","https://openalex.org/W2002990987","https://openalex.org/W2026182761","https://openalex.org/W2045818632","https://openalex.org/W2067276029","https://openalex.org/W2085658019","https://openalex.org/W2094042791","https://openalex.org/W2112173236","https://openalex.org/W2122509673","https://openalex.org/W2123594341","https://openalex.org/W2124618076","https://openalex.org/W2131570398","https://openalex.org/W2161998562","https://openalex.org/W2614475470"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2170314243","https://openalex.org/W2119179026","https://openalex.org/W2794947590","https://openalex.org/W2114971758","https://openalex.org/W2109932036","https://openalex.org/W2093081283","https://openalex.org/W4386694274","https://openalex.org/W3146543203","https://openalex.org/W2795180100","https://openalex.org/W2099346120"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"tackles":[2],"the":[3,24,37,74,117,140],"problem":[4],"of":[5,16,39,103,119,127],"reverse":[6],"engineering":[7],"a":[8,88,100,124],"gate-level":[9],"netlist":[10],"in":[11,36],"order":[12],"to":[13,19,27,46,52,90],"identify":[14,55,91],"groups":[15],"wires":[17],"corresponding":[18],"words.":[20,56],"It":[21],"serves":[22],"as":[23,139],"major":[25],"step":[26],"find":[28,47],"high-level":[29],"modules":[30],"and":[31,48,98],"analyze":[32],"their":[33],"correct":[34],"functionality":[35],"presence":[38],"Hardware":[40],"Trojans.":[41],"Our":[42],"core":[43,96],"idea":[44],"is":[45,81],"utilize":[49],"control":[50,67,79,105],"signals":[51,68,80,106],"more":[53],"effectively":[54],"Specifically,":[57],"modern":[58],"designs":[59],"provide":[60],"ample":[61],"opportunities":[62],"because":[63],"they":[64],"contain":[65],"numerous":[66],"which":[69,93],"are":[70],"automatically":[71],"inserted":[72],"by":[73,107,122],"CAD":[75],"tools.":[76],"But":[77],"finding":[78],"itself":[82],"an":[83],"unresolved":[84],"challenge.":[85],"We":[86],"propose":[87],"procedure":[89,121],"words":[92,129,138],"at":[94],"its":[95],"finds":[97],"utilizes":[99],"small":[101],"subset":[102],"relevant":[104],"exploiting":[108],"partial":[109],"structural":[110],"similarity.":[111],"In":[112],"our":[113,120],"experiments,":[114],"we":[115],"show":[116],"effectiveness":[118],"showing":[123],"high":[125,131],"number":[126],"identified":[128],"with":[130,136],"accuracy":[132],"using":[133],"many":[134],"benchmarks":[135],"already-identified":[137],"reference":[141],"case.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
