{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000553861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2744769.2744785","title":"A STT-RAM-based low-power hybrid register file for GPGPUs","display_name":"A STT-RAM-based low-power hybrid register file for GPGPUs","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000553861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2744769.2744785","mag":"2000553861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2744769.2744785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2744769.2744785","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009768065","display_name":"Gushu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6233-0334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gushu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing China","Deparment of E.E., Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Centre for Brain Inspired Computing Research (CBICR), Tsinghua University, Beijing China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deparment of E.E., Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Centre for Brain Inspired Computing Research (CBICR), Tsinghua University, Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100373745","display_name":"Xiaohong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9797-8384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","Electrical & Computer Engineering Dept., Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical & Computer Engineering Dept., Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101850376","display_name":"Guangyu Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6436-0820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangyu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, Beijing, China","Center for Energy-efficient Computing and Applications School of EECS, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Energy-efficient Computing and Applications School of EECS, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080833704","display_name":"Henry Hoffmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-8150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henry Hoffmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago, Chicago, IL","Deparment of Computer Science, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago, Chicago, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deparment of Computer Science, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045721867","display_name":"Yongpan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4892-2309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongpan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing China","Deparment of E.E., Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Centre for Brain Inspired Computing Research (CBICR), Tsinghua University, Beijing China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deparment of E.E., Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Centre for Brain Inspired Computing Research (CBICR), Tsinghua University, Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445061","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6108-5157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing China","Deparment of E.E., Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Centre for Brain Inspired Computing Research (CBICR), Tsinghua University, Beijing China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deparment of E.E., Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Centre for Brain Inspired Computing Research (CBICR), Tsinghua University, Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023755254","display_name":"Huazhong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2421-353X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huazhong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing China","Deparment of E.E., Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Centre for Brain Inspired Computing Research (CBICR), Tsinghua University, Beijing China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deparment of E.E., Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Centre for Brain Inspired Computing Research (CBICR), Tsinghua University, Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009768065"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8447,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95151843,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/register-file","display_name":"Register file","score":0.9209848642349243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8553735017776489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.6783543825149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/processor-register","display_name":"Processor register","score":0.6071717143058777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.6011099815368652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.51596599817276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3680693507194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.36207836866378784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3381578326225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-memory","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","score":0.2556549906730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instruction-set","display_name":"Instruction set","score":0.24234935641288757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-address","display_name":"Memory address","score":0.2148268222808838}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117280010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180944","display_name":"Register file","level":3,"score":0.9209848642349243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8553735017776489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.6783543825149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2871975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187466","display_name":"Processor register","level":4,"score":0.6071717143058777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.6011099815368652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.51596599817276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3680693507194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.36207836866378784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3381578326225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.2556549906730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.24234935641288757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153247305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835713","display_name":"Memory address","level":3,"score":0.2148268222808838}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2744769.2744785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2744769.2744785","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6335303887","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61373026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W625657276","https://openalex.org/W1979527452","https://openalex.org/W1988091150","https://openalex.org/W2002022853","https://openalex.org/W2010202670","https://openalex.org/W2012110315","https://openalex.org/W2018384083","https://openalex.org/W2034639175","https://openalex.org/W2047060659","https://openalex.org/W2047379549","https://openalex.org/W2059301531","https://openalex.org/W2072656003","https://openalex.org/W2076217257","https://openalex.org/W2078994750","https://openalex.org/W2088440019","https://openalex.org/W2090584832","https://openalex.org/W2096661534","https://openalex.org/W2105377990","https://openalex.org/W2132450860","https://openalex.org/W2138099459","https://openalex.org/W2142444503","https://openalex.org/W2155551886","https://openalex.org/W2165831368","https://openalex.org/W2167357818","https://openalex.org/W2169880332","https://openalex.org/W2170666978","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W2601976961"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2224192221","https://openalex.org/W1482836228","https://openalex.org/W2356166161","https://openalex.org/W2014882201","https://openalex.org/W3144620029","https://openalex.org/W2548469345","https://openalex.org/W2130533867","https://openalex.org/W1969937427","https://openalex.org/W2540018280","https://openalex.org/W4281749670"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"general-purpose":[1],"graphics":[2],"processing":[3],"units":[4],"(GPGPUs)":[5],"have":[6],"been":[7,72],"widely":[8],"used":[9],"to":[10,39,50,86,151,181],"accelerate":[11],"computing":[12],"in":[13],"various":[14],"applications.":[15],"To":[16],"store":[17],"the":[18,45,53,66,88,100,109,171,175],"contexts":[19],"of":[20,22,43,52,91,103,123,148,156,183],"thousands":[21],"concurrent":[23],"threads":[24],"on":[25,78,112,161,186],"a":[26,28,117,124,134],"GPU,":[27,113],"large":[29],"static":[30],"random-access":[31],"memory":[32,60,69,95],"(SRAM)-based":[33],"register":[34,46,75,105,119,126,157,176],"file":[35,47,76,127,158],"is":[36,178],"employed.":[37],"Due":[38],"high":[40],"leakage":[41],"power":[42,56,89,155,172,177],"SRAM,":[44],"consumes":[48],"20%":[49],"40%":[51],"total":[54],"GPU":[55,104],"consumption.":[57],"Thus,":[58],"hybrid":[59,94,118],"system,":[61],"which":[62,121],"combines":[63],"SRAM":[64,184],"and":[65,128,153],"emerging":[67],"non-volatile":[68],"(NVM),":[70],"has":[71,82],"employed":[73],"for":[74],"design":[77,144],"GPUs.":[79],"Although":[80],"it":[81],"shown":[83],"strong":[84],"potential":[85],"alleviate":[87],"issue":[90],"GPUs,":[92],"existing":[93],"solutions":[96],"might":[97],"not":[98],"exploit":[99],"intrinsic":[101],"feature":[102],"file.":[106],"By":[107],"leveraging":[108],"warp":[110],"schedule":[111],"this":[114],"paper":[115],"proposes":[116],"architecture":[120],"consists":[122],"NVM-based":[125],"mixed":[129],"SRAM-based":[130],"write":[131,136,149],"buffers":[132],"with":[133,163],"warp-aware":[135],"back":[137],"strategy.":[138],"Simulation":[139],"results":[140],"show":[141],"that":[142],"our":[143],"can":[145],"eliminate":[146],"64%":[147],"accesses":[150],"NVM":[152],"reduce":[154],"by":[159],"66%":[160],"average,":[162],"only":[164],"4.2%":[165],"performance":[166],"degradation.":[167],"After":[168],"we":[169],"apply":[170],"gating":[173],"technique,":[174],"further":[179],"reduced":[180],"25%":[182],"counterpart":[185],"average.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
