{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1047768679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2740908.2744713","title":"Pivotality of Nodes in Reachability Problems Using Avoidance and Transit Hitting Time Metrics","display_name":"Pivotality of Nodes in Reachability Problems Using Avoidance and Transit Hitting Time Metrics","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1047768679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2740908.2744713","mag":"1047768679"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2740908.2744713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2740908.2744713","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016556991","display_name":"Golshan Golnari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Golshan Golnari","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA",", University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100630059","display_name":"Yanhua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8972-503X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanhua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA","University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100622097","display_name":"Zhi-Li Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8584-2319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-Li Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA","University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9557,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71381032,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1073","last_page":"1078"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9266999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reachability","display_name":"Reachability","score":0.9477709531784058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.8283146619796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hitting-time","display_name":"Hitting time","score":0.7181774377822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7112563848495483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.42094430327415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.37026187777519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3609834313392639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23101919889450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.11630991101264954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09069272875785828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.061738401651382446}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136643341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361526","display_name":"Reachability","level":2,"score":0.9477709531784058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.8283146619796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199277547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5872687","display_name":"Hitting time","level":2,"score":0.7181774377822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7112563848495483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.42094430327415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.37026187777519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3609834313392639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23101919889450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.11630991101264954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09069272875785828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.061738401651382446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2740908.2744713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2740908.2744713","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.852.6318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.852.6318","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www-users.cs.umn.edu/%7Eboley/publications/papers/SIMPLEX15.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967672070","https://openalex.org/W1971937094","https://openalex.org/W1972714715","https://openalex.org/W2013549301","https://openalex.org/W2042876290","https://openalex.org/W2130531694","https://openalex.org/W2137734074","https://openalex.org/W2140069682","https://openalex.org/W2154897810","https://openalex.org/W2158804164","https://openalex.org/W2161984370","https://openalex.org/W2167064216","https://openalex.org/W2964155796","https://openalex.org/W3105687182","https://openalex.org/W4238465620","https://openalex.org/W6684913354"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127267268","https://openalex.org/W2156446763","https://openalex.org/W2136512912","https://openalex.org/W2067910792","https://openalex.org/W2150194458","https://openalex.org/W2143461633","https://openalex.org/W1047768679","https://openalex.org/W2772294324","https://openalex.org/W4253760428","https://openalex.org/W2047831585"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reachability":[0],"is":[1,17],"crucial":[2],"to":[3,21,55,101,160,175],"many":[4,48],"network":[5,183],"operations":[6],"in":[7,34,95,104,202],"various":[8],"complex":[9],"networks.":[10],"More":[11],"often":[12],"than":[13],"not,":[14],"however,":[15],"it":[16],"not":[18],"sufficient":[19],"simply":[20],"know":[22],"whether":[23],"a":[24,30,81,84,88,105,158,161,191],"source":[25,159],"node":[26,32,51,57,85,99,102],"s":[27,52,100],"can":[28,133,163],"reach":[29,56],"target":[31,162],"t":[33,103],"the":[35,96,113,123,137,142,153,167,196,203],"network.":[36,107],"Additional":[37],"information":[38,68],"associated":[39,69,140],"with":[40,70,141,173],"reachability":[41,71,97],"such":[42],"as":[43],"how":[44,47,79],"long":[45],"or":[46,87],"possible":[49],"ways":[50],"may":[53,93],"take":[54],"t.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60],"paper":[61],"we":[62,74,185],"analyze":[63],"another":[64],"piece":[65],"of":[66,90,126],"important":[67,111],"--":[72],"which":[73,119],"call":[75],"pivotality.":[76],"Pivotality":[77],"captures":[78],"pivotal":[80],"role":[82],"that":[83,152,187],"k":[86],"subset":[89],"nodes":[91,197],"S":[92],"play":[94],"from":[98,136,157],"given":[106],"We":[108,129],"propose":[109],"two":[110],"metrics,":[112],"avoidance":[114,168],"and":[115,121,150,169,181],"transit":[116,170],"hitting":[117,127,155,171],"times,":[118],"extend":[120],"generalize":[122],"classical":[124,154],"notion":[125],"times.":[128],"show":[130],"these":[131,188],"metrics":[132,189],"be":[134,164],"computed":[135],"fundamental":[138],"matrices":[139,149],"appropriately":[143],"defined":[144],"random":[145],"walk":[146],"transition":[147],"probability":[148],"prove":[151],"time":[156],"decomposed":[165],"into":[166],"times":[172],"respect":[174],"any":[176],"third":[177],"node.":[178],"Through":[179],"simulated":[180],"real-world":[182],"examples,":[184],"demonstrate":[186],"provide":[190],"powerful":[192],"ranking":[193],"tool":[194],"for":[195],"based":[198],"on":[199],"their":[200],"pivotality":[201],"reachability.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
