{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1898503130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2740908.2743050","title":"Investigating Similarity Between Privacy Policies of Social Networking Sites as a Precursor for Standardization","display_name":"Investigating Similarity Between Privacy Policies of Social Networking Sites as a Precursor for Standardization","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1898503130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2740908.2743050","mag":"1898503130"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2740908.2743050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2740908.2743050","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069383155","display_name":"Emma Cradock","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emma Cradock","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030807572","display_name":"David E. Millard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7512-2710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Millard","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013547918","display_name":"Sophie Stalla-Bourdillon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3715-1219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophie Stalla-Bourdillon","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069383155"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2242,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92833833,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"283","last_page":"289"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.949999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jaccard-index","display_name":"Jaccard index","score":0.9081184267997742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.7975095510482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.7013618350028992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.654338002204895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.5926746129989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-policy","display_name":"Privacy policy","score":0.5917130708694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5295473337173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.4975135624408722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.4595550298690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-analysis","display_name":"Thematic analysis","score":0.4525659382343292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personally-identifiable-information","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","score":0.41483378410339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.382398396730423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.34899434447288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2405300736427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09729674458503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.08901599049568176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research","display_name":"Qualitative research","score":0.08525621891021729}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203519979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865360","display_name":"Jaccard index","level":3,"score":0.9081184267997742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.7975095510482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.7013618350028992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.654338002204895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5926746129989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102938260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1999831","display_name":"Privacy policy","level":3,"score":0.5917130708694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5295473337173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4975135624408722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.4595550298690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.4525659382343292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169093310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3702971","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","level":2,"score":0.41483378410339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.382398396730423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.34899434447288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2405300736427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09729674458503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.08901599049568176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.08525621891021729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2740908.2743050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2740908.2743050","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:376642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482707767","https://openalex.org/W1882358344","https://openalex.org/W1951008065","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W2000042664","https://openalex.org/W2000117884","https://openalex.org/W2042039505","https://openalex.org/W2053120176","https://openalex.org/W2062199894","https://openalex.org/W2083339353","https://openalex.org/W2099172596","https://openalex.org/W2123402141","https://openalex.org/W2124073246","https://openalex.org/W2125475233","https://openalex.org/W2132577882","https://openalex.org/W2153803020","https://openalex.org/W2171380100","https://openalex.org/W2398576731","https://openalex.org/W2405832514","https://openalex.org/W3103362336"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025792237","https://openalex.org/W2027335090","https://openalex.org/W2098937825","https://openalex.org/W1996189363","https://openalex.org/W3124980950","https://openalex.org/W2295836226","https://openalex.org/W1997149610","https://openalex.org/W3010786834","https://openalex.org/W4245303888","https://openalex.org/W2036646121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,187],"current":[1],"execution":[2],"of":[3,9,29,61,74,110,121,136,148,216,224,239],"privacy":[4,114],"policies,":[5,54],"as":[6],"a":[7,63],"mode":[8],"communicating":[10],"information":[11],"to":[12,52,106,183,200,231],"users,":[13],"is":[14,56,66,85],"unsatisfactory.":[15],"Social":[16],"networking":[17],"sites":[18],"(SNS)":[19],"exemplify":[20],"this":[21,210],"issue,":[22],"attracting":[23],"growing":[24],"concerns":[25],"regarding":[26],"their":[27],"use":[28,179],"personal":[30],"data":[31],"and":[32,69,81,101,145,205,226],"its":[33],"effect":[34],"on":[35,236],"user":[36],"privacy.":[37],"This":[38,96],"demonstrates":[39],"the":[40,49,59,108,113,122,130,140,146,153,164,171,195,214,222,237,240],"need":[41],"for":[42,79],"more":[43],"informative":[44],"policies.":[45],"However,":[46],"SNS":[47,127,144,178,217],"lack":[48],"incentives":[50],"required":[51],"improve":[53],"which":[55,92],"exacerbated":[57],"by":[58,143,152],"difficulties":[60],"creating":[62],"policy":[64],"that":[65,160,177,191,213],"both":[67],"concise":[68],"compliant.":[70],"Standardization":[71],"addresses":[72],"many":[73],"these":[75],"issues,":[76],"providing":[77],"benefits":[78],"users":[80],"SNS,":[82],"although":[83],"it":[84],"only":[86],"possible":[87],"if":[88],"policies":[89,115,215],"share":[90,219],"attributes":[91,111],"can":[93],"be":[94],"standardized.":[95],"investigation":[97],"used":[98,142,166],"thematic":[99],"analysis":[100,188],"cross-":[102],"document":[103],"structure":[104],"theory,":[105],"assess":[107],"similarity":[109,132,162,169,193],"between":[112,207],"(as":[116],"available":[117],"in":[118,163,170,194,202],"August":[119],"2014),":[120],"six":[123],"most":[124],"frequently":[125],"visited":[126],"globally.":[128],"Using":[129],"Jaccard":[131],"coefficient,":[133],"two":[134],"types":[135],"attribute":[137],"were":[138],"measured;":[139],"clauses":[141,165,196],"coverage":[147],"forty":[149],"recommendations":[150,172,228],"made":[151,230],"UK":[154],"Information":[155],"Commissioner's":[156],"Office.":[157],"Analysis":[158],"showed":[159,190],"whilst":[161],"was":[167,174,197],"low,":[168],"covered":[173],"high,":[175],"indicating":[176,221],"different":[180],"clauses,":[181],"but":[182],"convey":[184],"similar":[185],"information.":[186],"also":[189],"low":[192],"largely":[198],"due":[199],"differences":[201],"semantics,":[203],"elaboration":[204],"functionality":[206],"SNS.":[208],"Therefore,":[209],"paper":[211],"proposes":[212],"already":[218],"attributes,":[220],"feasibility":[223],"standardization":[225],"five":[227],"are":[229],"begin":[232],"facilitating":[233],"this,":[234],"based":[235],"findings":[238],"investigation.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}