{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2028469302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2739482.2768501","title":"Two-B or not Two-B?","display_name":"Two-B or not Two-B?","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2028469302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2739482.2768501","mag":"2028469302"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2739482.2768501","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2739482.2768501","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Companion Publication of the 2015 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051266418","display_name":"Alina Patelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8945-6711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alina Patelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom","Aston, University Birmingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aston, University Birmingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065505519","display_name":"Nelly Bencomo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6895-1636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nelly Bencomo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom","Aston, University Birmingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aston, University Birmingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076983719","display_name":"Anik\u00f3 Ek\u00e1rt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6967-5397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anik\u00f3 Ek\u00e1rt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom","Aston, University Birmingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aston, University Birmingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072324676","display_name":"Harry Goldingay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6402-937X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harry Goldingay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom","Aston, University Birmingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aston, University Birmingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045599982","display_name":"Peter R. Lewis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4271-8611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom","Aston, University Birmingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aston, University Birmingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4115,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57577704,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1269","last_page":"1274"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternation","display_name":"Alternation (linguistics)","score":0.8004043102264404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5784186124801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.5724315047264099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5282617807388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.4828534722328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4723148047924042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4453818202018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4398892819881439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.41911688446998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4098471403121948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40897321701049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3873429000377655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3397129774093628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26826806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q438358","display_name":"Alternation (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.8004043102264404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5784186124801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.5724315047264099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5282617807388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4828534722328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4723148047924042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4453818202018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4398892819881439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.41911688446998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4098471403121948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40897321701049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3873429000377655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3397129774093628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2739482.2768501","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2739482.2768501","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Companion Publication of the 2015 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491642474","https://openalex.org/W1588528656","https://openalex.org/W1719186128","https://openalex.org/W1829921621","https://openalex.org/W1863204284","https://openalex.org/W1994867044","https://openalex.org/W2007109205","https://openalex.org/W2117595234","https://openalex.org/W2138507099","https://openalex.org/W2151554678","https://openalex.org/W2170176908","https://openalex.org/W2498561691","https://openalex.org/W6723997647"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4403098218","https://openalex.org/W2077226010","https://openalex.org/W2025791668","https://openalex.org/W2036891872","https://openalex.org/W2360497466","https://openalex.org/W1976552320","https://openalex.org/W2114044527","https://openalex.org/W1994973807","https://openalex.org/W2789681586","https://openalex.org/W2227364436"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Real":[0],"world":[1],"search":[2,70,123],"problems,":[3],"characterised":[4],"by":[5,14,85],"nonlinearity,":[6],"noise":[7],"and":[8,75,89,96,116],"multidimensionality,":[9],"are":[10,22],"often":[11],"best":[12],"solved":[13],"hybrid":[15,68],"algorithms.":[16],"Techniques":[17],"embodying":[18],"different":[19],"necessary":[20],"features":[21],"triggered":[23],"at":[24,52],"specific":[25],"iterations,":[26],"in":[27],"response":[28],"to":[29],"the":[30,34,38,53,72,76,86,108,117],"current":[31],"state":[32],"of":[33,55],"problem":[35],"space.":[36],"In":[37],"existing":[39],"literature,":[40],"this":[41],"alternation":[42],"is":[43],"managed":[44],"either":[45],"statically":[46],"(through":[47],"pre-programmed":[48],"policies)":[49],"or":[50],"dynamically,":[51],"cost":[54],"high":[56],"coupling":[57],"with":[58],"algorithm":[59],"inner":[60],"representation.":[61],"We":[62,106],"extract":[63],"two":[64],"design":[65],"patterns":[66,101],"for":[67,111,120],"metaheuristic":[69],"algorithms,":[71],"All-Seeing":[73],"Eye":[74],"Commentator":[77],"patterns,":[78],"which":[79],"we":[80,103],"argue":[81],"should":[82],"be":[83],"replaced":[84],"more":[87,121],"flexible":[88],"loosely":[90],"coupled":[91],"Simple":[92],"Black":[93,98],"Box":[94,99],"(Two-B)":[95],"Utility-based":[97],"(Three-B)":[100],"that":[102],"propose":[104],"here.":[105],"recommend":[107],"Two-B":[109],"pattern":[110,119],"purely":[112],"fitness":[113],"based":[114,126],"hybridisations":[115],"Three-B":[118],"generic":[122],"quality":[124],"evaluation":[125],"hybridisations.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
