{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2084178119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2739482.2768427","title":"Repairing COTS Router Firmware without Access to Source Code or Test Suites","display_name":"Repairing COTS Router Firmware without Access to Source Code or Test Suites","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2084178119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2739482.2768427","mag":"2084178119"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2739482.2768427","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2739482.2768427","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Companion Publication of the 2015 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077832846","display_name":"Eric Schulte","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135696","display_name":"GrammaTech (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03mwfxd89","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135696"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric M. Schulte","raw_affiliation_strings":["GrammaTech, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GrammaTech, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083601969","display_name":"Westley Weimer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6749-2204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Westley Weimer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","University of Virginia, CHarlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia, CHarlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114376382","display_name":"Stephanie Forrest","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5904-1646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Forrest","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"847","last_page":"854"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firmware","display_name":"Firmware","score":0.7546865940093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vendor","display_name":"Vendor","score":0.7014009952545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6704336404800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.651049017906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.6299238204956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.5493046641349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5441370010375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5317555665969849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/router","display_name":"Router","score":0.48708558082580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.37143850326538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.27183330059051514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.7546865940093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777338717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1762621","display_name":"Vendor","level":2,"score":0.7014009952545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6704336404800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.651049017906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6299238204956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.5493046641349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5441370010375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5317555665969849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775896111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q642560","display_name":"Router","level":2,"score":0.48708558082580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.37143850326538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.27183330059051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2739482.2768427","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2739482.2768427","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Companion Publication of the 2015 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32282251","https://openalex.org/W100379578","https://openalex.org/W201139614","https://openalex.org/W1497256448","https://openalex.org/W1522250664","https://openalex.org/W1576818901","https://openalex.org/W1595114968","https://openalex.org/W1659842140","https://openalex.org/W1816318873","https://openalex.org/W1980199047","https://openalex.org/W1984074188","https://openalex.org/W2002934700","https://openalex.org/W2016027000","https://openalex.org/W2023328067","https://openalex.org/W2024518162","https://openalex.org/W2024753698","https://openalex.org/W2044108151","https://openalex.org/W2062452378","https://openalex.org/W2069265488","https://openalex.org/W2076719273","https://openalex.org/W2096435507","https://openalex.org/W2096795881","https://openalex.org/W2099866050","https://openalex.org/W2105103777","https://openalex.org/W2109077605","https://openalex.org/W2121898351","https://openalex.org/W2122433740","https://openalex.org/W2123258673","https://openalex.org/W2126071695","https://openalex.org/W2130401729","https://openalex.org/W2142406085","https://openalex.org/W2145124323","https://openalex.org/W2145373440","https://openalex.org/W2148329403","https://openalex.org/W2165597437","https://openalex.org/W2889911063","https://openalex.org/W2912296587","https://openalex.org/W3005044106"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2582981600","https://openalex.org/W4389238932","https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W4387467152","https://openalex.org/W3010413952","https://openalex.org/W4212885212","https://openalex.org/W4379115910","https://openalex.org/W4253989935","https://openalex.org/W4400609513","https://openalex.org/W4386541577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,46],"speed":[1],"with":[2],"which":[3,37],"newly":[4],"discovered":[5],"software":[6,23,57],"vulnerabilities":[7],"are":[8,25,64],"patched":[9],"is":[10,48],"a":[11],"critical":[12],"factor":[13],"in":[14,34],"mitigating":[15],"the":[16,54,71],"harm":[17],"caused":[18],"by":[19,70],"subsequent":[20],"exploits.":[21],"Unfortunately,":[22],"vendors":[24],"often":[26],"slow":[27],"or":[28],"unwilling":[29],"to":[30],"patch":[31],"vulnerabilities,":[32],"especially":[33],"embedded":[35],"systems":[36],"frequently":[38],"have":[39],"no":[40],"mechanism":[41],"for":[42,51],"updating":[43],"factory-installed":[44],"firmware.":[45],"situation":[47],"particularly":[49],"dire":[50],"commercial":[52],"off":[53],"shelf":[55],"(COTS)":[56],"users,":[58],"who":[59],"lack":[60],"source":[61],"code":[62],"and":[63],"wholly":[65],"dependent":[66],"on":[67],"patches":[68],"released":[69],"vendor.":[72]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}