{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1986731208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2739480.2754820","title":"Efficient Evolution of High Entropy RNGs Using Single Node Genetic Programming","display_name":"Efficient Evolution of High Entropy RNGs Using Single Node Genetic Programming","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1986731208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2739480.2754820","mag":"1986731208"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2739480.2754820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2739480.2754820","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074291438","display_name":"Philip Leonard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4809-1944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philip Leonard","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036633643","display_name":"David K. Jackson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8090-9462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Jackson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom","University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074291438"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4314,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75763525,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1071","last_page":"1078"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6581407785415649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.6090096831321716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.5781774520874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.5764487981796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5193032622337341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-suite","display_name":"Test suite","score":0.48363029956817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-function","display_name":"Fitness function","score":0.47378063201904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.4488891065120697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.44304734468460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36505231261253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.325685977935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.32254600524902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22718137502670288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1878892183303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case","display_name":"Test case","score":0.16061991453170776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6581407785415649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.6090096831321716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.5781774520874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.5764487981796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5193032622337341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151552104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705809","display_name":"Test suite","level":4,"score":0.48363029956817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176066374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629118","display_name":"Fitness function","level":3,"score":0.47378063201904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4488891065120697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.44304734468460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36505231261253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.325685977935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.32254600524902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22718137502670288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1878892183303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.16061991453170776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2739480.2754820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2739480.2754820","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W184098108","https://openalex.org/W197747737","https://openalex.org/W199153045","https://openalex.org/W1483736078","https://openalex.org/W1496462336","https://openalex.org/W1517403092","https://openalex.org/W1541446834","https://openalex.org/W1564219727","https://openalex.org/W1985043179","https://openalex.org/W1985108724","https://openalex.org/W2019240500","https://openalex.org/W2041404167","https://openalex.org/W2083135933","https://openalex.org/W2085759780","https://openalex.org/W2095595785","https://openalex.org/W2101774955","https://openalex.org/W2121174661","https://openalex.org/W2141171764","https://openalex.org/W2167467559","https://openalex.org/W2978725006","https://openalex.org/W3100789686","https://openalex.org/W4243494487","https://openalex.org/W6629043682"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2587661352","https://openalex.org/W2561856575","https://openalex.org/W1792573625","https://openalex.org/W1925901016","https://openalex.org/W2097965245","https://openalex.org/W4294725171","https://openalex.org/W1485885287","https://openalex.org/W2553277926","https://openalex.org/W2139799987","https://openalex.org/W4384024076"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Random":[0,25],"Number":[1,26],"Generators":[2,27],"are":[3,30],"an":[4],"important":[5],"aspect":[6],"of":[7,61,108,162,173],"many":[8],"modern":[9],"day":[10],"software":[11],"systems,":[12],"cryptographic":[13],"protocols":[14],"and":[15,37,106,124,157],"modelling":[16],"techniques.":[17],"To":[18],"be":[19],"more":[20,31],"accurate,":[21],"it":[22,111],"is":[23,112],"Pseudo":[24],"(PRNGs)":[28],"that":[29,44,100,131,141],"commonly":[32],"used":[33,155],"over":[34,120],"their":[35],"expensive,":[36],"less":[38],"practical":[39],"hardware":[40],"based":[41,88],"counterparts.":[42],"Given":[43],"PRNGs":[45,143,156],"rely":[46],"on":[47],"some":[48],"deterministic":[49],"algorithm":[50],"(typically":[51],"a":[52,127,171],"Linear":[53],"Congruential":[54],"Generator)":[55],"we":[56,79],"can":[57],"leverage":[58],"Shannon's":[59],"theory":[60],"information":[62],"as":[63,165,167],"our":[64],"fitness":[65],"function":[66],"in":[67,170,178],"order":[68],"to":[69,114],"generate":[70],"these":[71],"algorithms":[72],"by":[73],"evolutionary":[74,146],"means.":[75],"In":[76],"this":[77,96],"paper":[78],"compare":[80],"traditional":[81],"Genetic":[82,92],"Programming":[83,93],"(GP)":[84],"against":[85],"its":[86],"graph":[87],"implementation,":[89],"Single":[90],"Node":[91],"(SNGP),":[94],"for":[95],"task.":[97],"We":[98,138],"show":[99,140],"with":[101],"SNGPs":[102],"unique":[103],"program":[104],"structure":[105],"use":[107],"dynamic":[109],"programming,":[110],"possible":[113],"obtain":[115],"smaller,":[116],"higher":[117,149],"entropy":[118,150],"PRNGs,":[119],"six":[121],"times":[122],"faster":[123],"produced":[125],"at":[126],"solution":[128],"rate":[129],"twice":[130],"achieved":[132],"using":[133],"Koza's":[134],"standard":[135],"GP":[136],"model.":[137],"also":[139],"the":[142,179],"obtained":[144],"from":[145],"methods":[147],"produce":[148],"outputs":[151],"than":[152],"other":[153,174],"widely":[154],"Hardware":[158],"RNGs":[159],"(specifically":[160],"recordings":[161],"atmospheric":[163],"noise),":[164],"well":[166],"surpassing":[168],"them":[169],"variety":[172],"statistical":[175],"tests":[176],"presented":[177],"NIST":[180],"RNG":[181],"test":[182],"suite.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
