{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990284337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2739480.2754703","title":"Innovation Engines","display_name":"Innovation Engines","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990284337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2739480.2754703","mag":"1990284337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2739480.2754703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2739480.2754703","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104147275","display_name":"Anh Mai Nguyen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12834331","display_name":"University of Wyoming","ror":"https://ror.org/01485tq96","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12834331"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anh Mai Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12834331"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049659753","display_name":"Jason Yosinski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Yosinski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112191507","display_name":"Jeff Clune","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12834331","display_name":"University of Wyoming","ror":"https://ror.org/01485tq96","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12834331"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeff Clune","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12834331"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104147275"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12834331"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.669,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9890282,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"959","last_page":"966"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty","display_name":"Novelty","score":0.8881481289863586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7166123390197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.605501115322113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5371402502059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5287731885910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5212265253067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4887425899505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4228953719139099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.41216179728507996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38917356729507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.164434552192688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.8881481289863586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7166123390197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.605501115322113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5371402502059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5287731885910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5212265253067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4887425899505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4228953719139099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41216179728507996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38917356729507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.164434552192688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2739480.2754703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2739480.2754703","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74104191","https://openalex.org/W120361141","https://openalex.org/W135283623","https://openalex.org/W758372786","https://openalex.org/W776164697","https://openalex.org/W989675465","https://openalex.org/W1560435054","https://openalex.org/W1568906816","https://openalex.org/W1932198206","https://openalex.org/W1965654221","https://openalex.org/W1986321325","https://openalex.org/W2020399841","https://openalex.org/W2053153219","https://openalex.org/W2061868368","https://openalex.org/W2072128103","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2111935653","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2139898429","https://openalex.org/W2151083897","https://openalex.org/W2154022540","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2246771531","https://openalex.org/W2408095917","https://openalex.org/W2477695133","https://openalex.org/W2546241758","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2951446714"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381242807","https://openalex.org/W3126131230","https://openalex.org/W2347541121","https://openalex.org/W2080951048","https://openalex.org/W4288804799","https://openalex.org/W3032237421","https://openalex.org/W2390346111","https://openalex.org/W3011883280","https://openalex.org/W2990774877","https://openalex.org/W3093339210"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,142],"Achilles":[1],"Heel":[2],"of":[3,92,105,189,223,232,243,254,257],"stochastic":[4,61],"optimization":[5,62],"algorithms":[6],"is":[7,53,67,85,145],"getting":[8],"trapped":[9],"on":[10,63,120],"local":[11],"optima.":[12],"Novelty":[13,51,121],"Search":[14,52,122],"avoids":[15],"this":[16],"problem":[17],"by":[18,28,41,123],"encouraging":[19],"a":[20,30,34,42,54,80,112,130,166,183,220],"search":[21],"in":[22,89,169,175,240,260],"all":[23],"interesting":[24,138,162,258],"directions.":[25],"That":[26],"occurs":[27],"replacing":[29,124],"performance":[31],"objective":[32],"with":[33,129],"reward":[35],"for":[36,202],"novel":[37],"behaviors,":[38],"as":[39],"defined":[40],"human-crafted,":[43],"and":[44,58,102,151,272],"often":[45],"simple,":[46],"behavioral":[47,82,127],"distance":[48,83,128],"function.":[49],"While":[50],"major":[55],"conceptual":[56],"breakthrough":[57],"outperforms":[59],"traditional":[60],"certain":[64],"problems,":[65],"it":[66,73],"not":[68,173],"clear":[69],"how":[70,94],"to":[71,74,99,185,214,229],"apply":[72],"challenging,":[75],"high-dimensional":[76],"problems":[77],"where":[78],"specifying":[79],"useful":[81],"function":[84],"difficult.":[86],"For":[87,164],"example,":[88,165],"the":[90,115,125,176,199,203,224,233,241,252],"space":[91,171],"images,":[93,244],"do":[95],"you":[96],"encourage":[97],"novelty":[98,160,167],"produce":[100],"hawks":[101],"heroes":[103],"instead":[104,181],"endless":[106,255],"pixel":[107,178],"static?":[108],"Here":[109,196],"we":[110,197],"propose":[111],"new":[113,187],"algorithm,":[114,206],"Innovation":[116,204,247],"Engine,":[117],"that":[118,135,146,212,226,246],"builds":[119],"human-crafted":[126],"Deep":[131],"Neural":[132],"Network":[133],"(DNN)":[134],"can":[136,148],"recognize":[137,149],"differences":[139,152],"between":[140,153],"phenotypes.":[141],"key":[143,235],"insight":[144],"DNNs":[147],"similarities":[150],"phenotypes":[154],"at":[155],"an":[156],"abstract":[157],"level,":[158],"wherein":[159],"means":[161],"novelty.":[163],"pressure":[168,184],"image":[170],"does":[172],"explore":[174,230],"low-level":[177],"space,":[179],"but":[180],"creates":[182],"create":[186],"types":[188],"images":[190],"(e.g.":[191],"churches,":[192],"mosques,":[193],"obelisks,":[194],"etc.).":[195],"describe":[198],"long-term":[200],"vision":[201],"Engine":[205],"which":[207],"involves":[208],"many":[209],"technical":[210],"challenges":[211],"remain":[213],"be":[215],"solved.":[216],"We":[217],"then":[218],"implement":[219],"simplified":[221],"version":[222],"algorithm":[225],"enables":[227],"us":[228],"some":[231],"algorithm's":[234],"motivations.":[236],"Our":[237],"initial":[238],"results,":[239],"domain":[242],"suggest":[245],"Engines":[248],"could":[249],"ultimately":[250],"automate":[251],"production":[253],"streams":[256],"solutions":[259],"any":[261],"domain:":[262],"e.g.":[263],"producing":[264],"intelligent":[265],"software,":[266],"robot":[267],"controllers,":[268],"optimized":[269],"physical":[270],"components,":[271],"art.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}