{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2210410193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2729973","title":"Software Change Contracts","display_name":"Software Change Contracts","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2210410193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2729973","mag":"2210410193"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2729973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2729973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009308931","display_name":"Jooyong Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7215-0855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jooyong Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101874838","display_name":"Dawei Qi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawei Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051957977","display_name":"Shin Hwei Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8633-3372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shin Hwei Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060115298","display_name":"Abhik Roychoudhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7127-1137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhik Roychoudhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009308931"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12912574,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8719686269760132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.7077596783638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmer","display_name":"Programmer","score":0.696963906288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-by-contract","display_name":"Design by contract","score":0.6762493848800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.6713451147079468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5616978406906128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.5101607441902161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.4165036678314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.36993661522865295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.3306039571762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.13876745104789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.13223034143447876}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8719686269760132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.7077596783638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374194","display_name":"Programmer","level":2,"score":0.696963906288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80291951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200691","display_name":"Design by contract","level":5,"score":0.6762493848800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.6713451147079468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5616978406906128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.5101607441902161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4165036678314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.36993661522865295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.3306039571762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.13876745104789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.13223034143447876}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2729973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2729973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/123172","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/123172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.unist.ac.kr:201301/26248","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=2776776.2729973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401118","display_name":"Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","host_organization_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"ARTICLE"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G417458574","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T1 251RES1314","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01kcva023"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26752331","https://openalex.org/W1500987966","https://openalex.org/W1545038039","https://openalex.org/W1562865234","https://openalex.org/W1573154295","https://openalex.org/W1580328473","https://openalex.org/W1606177908","https://openalex.org/W1771925833","https://openalex.org/W1860170051","https://openalex.org/W1959256509","https://openalex.org/W1964830323","https://openalex.org/W1965194038","https://openalex.org/W1965634115","https://openalex.org/W1993836075","https://openalex.org/W2029495398","https://openalex.org/W2035491908","https://openalex.org/W2038654524","https://openalex.org/W2052363833","https://openalex.org/W2057891174","https://openalex.org/W2074888021","https://openalex.org/W2080264505","https://openalex.org/W2106472587","https://openalex.org/W2107778618","https://openalex.org/W2110068396","https://openalex.org/W2113371678","https://openalex.org/W2114778003","https://openalex.org/W2117593603","https://openalex.org/W2122291521","https://openalex.org/W2136880809","https://openalex.org/W2138224468","https://openalex.org/W2140697469","https://openalex.org/W2142993980","https://openalex.org/W2148329403","https://openalex.org/W2159595840","https://openalex.org/W2166486797","https://openalex.org/W2293092623","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W2913459036","https://openalex.org/W3143465091","https://openalex.org/W3183224878","https://openalex.org/W4232512250","https://openalex.org/W4242080301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2379153735","https://openalex.org/W4321442002","https://openalex.org/W2046172023","https://openalex.org/W2015265939","https://openalex.org/W2168928134","https://openalex.org/W2112040168","https://openalex.org/W4241972157","https://openalex.org/W4242556954","https://openalex.org/W2053897590","https://openalex.org/W2296025871"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Software":[0],"errors":[1],"often":[2],"originate":[3],"from":[4,55,218],"incorrect":[5,8,11],"changes,":[6],"including":[7],"program":[9,20,46,50,56,73,79,208],"fixes,":[10],"feature":[12],"updates,":[13],"and":[14,153,166,172,239],"so":[15],"on.":[16],"Capturing":[17],"the":[18,37,44,64,68,86,98,117,120,138,233,241],"intended":[19,45,69],"behavior":[21,47,70],"explicitly":[22],"via":[23,124],"contracts":[24,53,57],"is":[25,209],"thus":[26],"an":[27],"attractive":[28],"proposition.":[29],"In":[30,81],"our":[31,90,141,185,201,220],"recent":[32],"work,":[33,83],"we":[34,84,162,199],"had":[35],"espoused":[36],"notion":[38],"of":[39,71,89,97,119,140,147,195],"\u201cchange":[40],"contracts\u201d":[41],"to":[42,66,128,136,157,188,204],"express":[43],"changes":[48],"across":[49,78],"versions.":[51,80],"Change":[52],"differ":[54],"in":[58,179,213,250,255],"that":[59,192,206],"they":[60,175],"do":[61],"not":[62],"require":[63],"programmer":[65],"describe":[67,108],"those":[72],"features":[74],"which":[75],"are":[76],"unchanged":[77],"this":[82],"present":[85],"formal":[87],"semantics":[88],"change":[91,104,121,142,159,170,196,215],"contract":[92,105,122,143],"language":[93,101,106,123,144],"built":[94],"on":[95],"top":[96],"Java":[99],"modeling":[100],"(JML).":[102],"Our":[103],"can":[107,176],"behavioral":[109],"as":[110,112,211,231,247],"well":[111],"structural":[113],"changes.":[114,182],"We":[115,183],"evaluate":[116],"expressivity":[118],"a":[125,207,244],"survey":[126,133],"given":[127,158],"final-year":[129],"undergraduate":[130],"students.":[131],"The":[132],"results":[134],"enable":[135],"understand":[137],"usability":[139],"for":[145,169,243],"purposes":[146],"writing":[148],"contracts,":[149,152,171],"comprehending":[150],"written":[151],"modifying":[154],"programs":[155],"according":[156],"contracts.":[160,197],"Finally,":[161],"develop":[163],"both":[164],"dynamic":[165,186],"static":[167,202,221],"checkers":[168],"show":[173],"how":[174],"be":[177],"used":[178],"maintaining":[180],"software":[181,227],"use":[184,200],"checker":[187,203,222],"automatically":[189],"suggest":[190],"tests":[191],"manifest":[193],"violations":[194],"Meanwhile,":[198],"verify":[205],"changed":[210],"specified":[212],"its":[214],"contract.":[216],"Apart":[217],"verification,":[219],"also":[223],"performs":[224],"various":[225],"other":[226],"engineering":[228],"tasks,":[229],"such":[230],"localizing":[232],"buggy":[234],"method,":[235],"detecting/debugging":[236],"regression":[237],"errors,":[238],"classifying":[240],"cause":[242],"test":[245,256],"failure":[246],"either":[248],"error":[249,254],"production":[251],"code":[252],"or":[253],"code.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}