{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102164635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2724660.2728691","title":"The Visible and Invisible in a MOOC Discussion Forum","display_name":"The Visible and Invisible in a MOOC Discussion Forum","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102164635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2724660.2728691","mag":"2102164635"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2724660.2728691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2724660.2728691","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Second (2015) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026626448","display_name":"Eni Mustafaraj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2243-5892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189731429","display_name":"Wellesley College","ror":"https://ror.org/01srpnj69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189731429"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eni Mustafaraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA","Wellesley College , Wellesley , MA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189731429"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellesley College , Wellesley , MA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189731429"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079123359","display_name":"Jessica Bu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189731429","display_name":"Wellesley College","ror":"https://ror.org/01srpnj69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189731429"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica Bu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA","Wellesley College , Wellesley , MA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189731429"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellesley College , Wellesley , MA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189731429"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189731429"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"351","last_page":"354"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.9641000032424927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9345999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-discussion","display_name":"Online discussion","score":0.6965067386627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-forum","display_name":"Online forum","score":0.5921210646629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/massive-open-online-course","display_name":"Massive open online course","score":0.5900049805641174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.5796458125114441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49503201246261597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-learning","display_name":"Online learning","score":0.4754828214645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-learning","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","score":0.4682009816169739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.42252886295318604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-community","display_name":"Online community","score":0.4211663007736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4206916391849518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.38530847430229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"Medical education","score":0.34251868724823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.32766473293304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3262091875076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.15599802136421204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14628291130065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.14165738224983215}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780656832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796573","display_name":"Online discussion","level":2,"score":0.6965067386627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908688394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168210","display_name":"Online forum","level":2,"score":0.5921210646629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777808570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967853","display_name":"Massive open online course","level":2,"score":0.5900049805641174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5796458125114441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49503201246261597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986087404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15946010","display_name":"Online learning","level":2,"score":0.4754828214645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.4682009816169739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.42252886295318604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778165684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6576792","display_name":"Online community","level":2,"score":0.4211663007736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4206916391849518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.38530847430229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.34251868724823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.32766473293304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3262091875076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.15599802136421204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14628291130065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14165738224983215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2724660.2728691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2724660.2728691","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Second (2015) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40105975","https://openalex.org/W1973202922","https://openalex.org/W1988135745","https://openalex.org/W2012265254","https://openalex.org/W2471699996"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357268223","https://openalex.org/W4210812943","https://openalex.org/W2807721994","https://openalex.org/W4390476759","https://openalex.org/W3118411386","https://openalex.org/W4304172813","https://openalex.org/W2602625874","https://openalex.org/W1273316177","https://openalex.org/W1489047871","https://openalex.org/W1596233842"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Online":[0],"discussion":[1],"forums":[2,26],"in":[3,16,24,35,50,91,125],"a":[4,53,80],"MOOC":[5,82],"setting":[6],"allow":[7],"students":[8,14,32,117],"to":[9,42,67,107],"become":[10],"aware":[11],"of":[12,30,56,79,100,110,116,150],"other":[13],"enrolled":[15],"the":[17,25,28,64,92,104,111,120,126,135],"course.":[18],"However,":[19,128],"what":[20],"is":[21,27,47,137],"(usually)":[22],"visible":[23],"output":[29],"``active''":[31],"who":[33,61,118],"engage":[34],"asking":[36],"and":[37,70,144],"answering":[38],"questions.":[39],"In":[40],"addition":[41],"such":[43],"active":[44,89,101,124],"participants,":[45],"there":[46,94],"(as":[48],"always":[49],"online":[51,83],"communities)":[52],"large":[54,81],"group":[55],"``passive''":[57],"users":[58],"(so-called":[59],"lurkers),":[60],"might":[62],"find":[63],"forum":[65,84,93,151],"useful":[66],"their":[68],"learning,":[69],"read":[71],"it":[72],"regularly,":[73],"despite":[74],"remaining":[75],"``invisible''.":[76],"Our":[77],"analysis":[78],"shows":[85],"that":[86,139],"for":[87],"every":[88],"participant":[90],"are":[95,122,153],"two":[96],"passive":[97,112],"ones.":[98],"30%":[99],"participants":[102],"complete":[103,119],"course,":[105],"compared":[106],"only":[108,148],"6.6%":[109],"participants.":[113],"Vice-versa,":[114],"67%":[115],"course":[121],"also":[123],"forum.":[127],"``invisible":[129],"activity''":[130],"(e.g.":[131],"reading":[132],"or":[133],"searching":[134],"forum)":[136],"something":[138],"both":[140],"groups":[141],"practice":[142],"equally":[143],"more":[145],"frequently,":[146],"while":[147],"3.3%":[149],"actions":[152],"visible.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
