{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1981759353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2724660.2728672","title":"AutoStyle","display_name":"AutoStyle","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1981759353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2724660.2728672","mag":"1981759353"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2724660.2728672","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2724660.2728672","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Second (2015) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057624607","display_name":"Joseph Moghadam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Bahman Moghadam","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078559262","display_name":"Rohan Roy Choudhury","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rohan Roy Choudhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089288185","display_name":"Hezheng Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"HeZheng Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","The Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088855767","display_name":"Armando Fox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6096-4931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armando Fox","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"261","last_page":"266"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8353371620178223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.7512949705123901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grading","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","score":0.6502915620803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6308963298797607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5127431154251099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-engineering","display_name":"Feature engineering","score":0.48179954290390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.45044106245040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4392159581184387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.435272216796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.39425837993621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3672412633895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.36174893379211426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.32853031158447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3218478858470917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.13973018527030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.11723107099533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07194820046424866}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8353371620178223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.7512949705123901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6502915620803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6308963298797607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5127431154251099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778827112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22245680","display_name":"Feature engineering","level":3,"score":0.48179954290390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.45044106245040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4392159581184387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.435272216796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.39425837993621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3672412633895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.36174893379211426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.32853031158447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3218478858470917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.13973018527030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.11723107099533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07194820046424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2724660.2728672","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2724660.2728672","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Second (2015) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7798674883","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61033001, 61361136003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309411","display_name":"University of California Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W349078506","https://openalex.org/W832120473","https://openalex.org/W1964962870","https://openalex.org/W1965232248","https://openalex.org/W1972087783","https://openalex.org/W1976373002","https://openalex.org/W1995341919","https://openalex.org/W2076771354","https://openalex.org/W2125990861","https://openalex.org/W2134202849","https://openalex.org/W2137390126","https://openalex.org/W2157532207","https://openalex.org/W2396992199"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W2296488620","https://openalex.org/W2358353312","https://openalex.org/W2353836703","https://openalex.org/W41015297"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"large-scale":[1],"automatic":[2],"grading":[3],"of":[4,25,44,56,68],"student":[5],"programs":[6],"for":[7,18,93,122,133],"correctness":[8],"is":[9,34,113],"widespread,":[10],"less":[11],"effort":[12],"has":[13],"focused":[14],"on":[15,99,128],"automating":[16],"feedback":[17,137],"good":[19],"programming":[20,61],"style:}":[21],"the":[22,100,147],"tasteful":[23],"use":[24],"language":[26],"features":[27],"and":[28,42,75,80,109,124,132],"idioms":[29],"to":[30,58,73,87,91,139,150,171],"produce":[31],"code":[32,96],"that":[33,49,81,112],"not":[35],"only":[36],"correct,":[37],"but":[38],"also":[39],"concise,":[40],"elegant,":[41],"revealing":[43],"design":[45],"intent.":[46],"We":[47,117,145],"hypothesize":[48],"with":[50],"a":[51,59,66,105,110,120,161,174],"large":[52],"enough":[53],"(MOOC-sized)":[54],"corpus":[55],"submissions":[57],"given":[60,106],"problem,":[62],"we":[63,82],"can":[64,83],"observe":[65],"range":[67],"stylistic":[69,102],"mastery":[70],"from":[71,135],"na\u00efve":[72],"expert,":[74],"many":[76],"points":[77],"in":[78,153,160,173],"between,":[79],"exploit":[84],"this":[85,152,177],"continuum":[86],"automatically":[88],"provide":[89],"hints":[90,141],"learners":[92],"improving":[94],"their":[95],"style":[97],"based":[98],"key":[101],"differences":[103,129],"between":[104,130],"learner's":[107],"submission":[108,111],"stylistically":[114],"slightly":[115],"better.":[116],"are":[118,142],"developing":[119],"methodology":[121],"analyzing":[123],"doing":[125],"feature":[126],"engineering":[127,164],"submissions,":[131],"learning":[134],"instructor-provided":[136],"as":[138,166],"which":[140,156],"most":[143],"relevant.":[144],"describe":[146],"techniques":[148],"used":[149],"do":[151],"our":[154],"prototype,":[155],"will":[157],"be":[158],"deployed":[159],"residential":[162],"software":[163],"course":[165],"an":[167],"alpha":[168],"test":[169],"prior":[170],"deploying":[172],"MOOC":[175],"later":[176],"year.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}