{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2295323579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2716328","title":"Automated Generation of Counterterrorism Policies Using Multiexpert Input","display_name":"Automated Generation of Counterterrorism Policies Using Multiexpert Input","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2295323579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2716328","mag":"2295323579"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2716328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2716328","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1145%2F2716328&file=a44-sawant-apndx.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1145%2F2716328&file=a44-sawant-apndx.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055213240","display_name":"Anshul Sawant","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anshul Sawant","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, MD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071538560","display_name":"John P. Dickerson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2231-680X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John P. Dickerson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114053165","display_name":"Mohammad Taghi Hajiaghayi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad T. Hajiaghayi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, MD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038645035","display_name":"V. S. Subrahmanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7191-0296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. S. Subrahmanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, MD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055213240"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2361,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84002964,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.7657771110534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-game","display_name":"Stochastic game","score":0.7645801901817322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.753838300704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normal-form-game","display_name":"Normal-form game","score":0.5855851769447327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.5573374032974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.5221876502037048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4636242389678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.42453640699386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3738582134246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3258405923843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26193705201148987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeated-game","display_name":"Repeated game","score":0.24725255370140076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1900639832019806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.17344892024993896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7657771110534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22171661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074380","display_name":"Stochastic game","level":2,"score":0.7645801901817322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.753838300704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155930848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069099","display_name":"Normal-form game","level":4,"score":0.5855851769447327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.5573374032974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.5221876502037048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4636242389678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.42453640699386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3738582134246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3258405923843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26193705201148987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202556891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1584646","display_name":"Repeated game","level":3,"score":0.24725255370140076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1900639832019806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.17344892024993896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2716328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2716328","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1145%2F2716328&file=a44-sawant-apndx.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2716328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2716328","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1145%2F2716328&file=a44-sawant-apndx.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1129333050","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N000141110662","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2535907421","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SES0826886, 1053605, CCF-1161626","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6828630716","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF0910206, W911NF1110344","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7808751303","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-12-1-0423","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8998304560","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NDSEG Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306132","funder_display_name":"American Society for Engineering Education"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306132","display_name":"American Society for Engineering Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03ac64295"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2295323579.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2295323579.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W648396451","https://openalex.org/W1486829250","https://openalex.org/W1505652737","https://openalex.org/W1519212267","https://openalex.org/W1523225395","https://openalex.org/W1525482789","https://openalex.org/W1597710076","https://openalex.org/W1600897336","https://openalex.org/W1603516502","https://openalex.org/W1976886032","https://openalex.org/W2014217859","https://openalex.org/W2016342346","https://openalex.org/W2016834768","https://openalex.org/W2018071111","https://openalex.org/W2026177035","https://openalex.org/W2028325638","https://openalex.org/W2029825080","https://openalex.org/W2032716871","https://openalex.org/W2053488431","https://openalex.org/W2062961409","https://openalex.org/W2065360252","https://openalex.org/W2068869385","https://openalex.org/W2077171526","https://openalex.org/W2080027902","https://openalex.org/W2083611382","https://openalex.org/W2083629807","https://openalex.org/W2086846838","https://openalex.org/W2092538589","https://openalex.org/W2097713162","https://openalex.org/W2103012681","https://openalex.org/W2122011951","https://openalex.org/W2125467036","https://openalex.org/W2126211987","https://openalex.org/W2131967794","https://openalex.org/W2140790422","https://openalex.org/W2168315095","https://openalex.org/W2179957089","https://openalex.org/W2193871400","https://openalex.org/W2219845730","https://openalex.org/W2261088801","https://openalex.org/W2293594884","https://openalex.org/W2557336715","https://openalex.org/W2604653582","https://openalex.org/W2768262179","https://openalex.org/W3121938597","https://openalex.org/W3123607850","https://openalex.org/W3144884147","https://openalex.org/W4233413206","https://openalex.org/W4240882611","https://openalex.org/W4254073045","https://openalex.org/W4255005259"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2183914310","https://openalex.org/W2073992381","https://openalex.org/W3186986613","https://openalex.org/W2215997563","https://openalex.org/W1492258163","https://openalex.org/W2500523540","https://openalex.org/W2782762637","https://openalex.org/W2574041673","https://openalex.org/W2080646097","https://openalex.org/W3124277457"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"use":[1,179],"of":[2,18,55,83,96,109,131,243],"game":[3],"theory":[4],"to":[5,74,107,149,181,202],"model":[6,182],"conflict":[7],"has":[8],"been":[9],"studied":[10],"by":[11,15,88,207,216,226],"several":[12],"researchers,":[13],"spearheaded":[14],"Schelling.":[16],"Most":[17],"these":[19,49,110,231],"efforts":[20],"assume":[21],"a":[22,93,118,167,195,240],"single":[23],"payoff":[24,65,204],"matrix":[25],"that":[26,45,69,157,222],"captures":[27],"players\u2019":[28],"utilities":[29],"under":[30],"different":[31],"assumptions":[32],"about":[33],"what":[34],"the":[35,125,129,183,190,213],"players":[36,132],"will":[37],"do.":[38],"Our":[39],"experience":[40],"in":[41,76,138,209],"counterterrorism":[42,220],"applications":[43],"is":[44,133,136],"experts":[46,208],"disagree":[47],"on":[48,161,172],"payoffs.":[50],"We":[51,103,164,178,228],"leverage":[52],"Shapley\u2019s":[53],"notion":[54],"vector":[56,97,173],"equilibria,":[57,174],"which":[58],"formulates":[59],"games":[60],"where":[61],"there":[62],"are":[63,71],"multiple":[64,89],"matrices,":[66],"but":[67],"note":[68],"they":[70,158],"very":[72],"hard":[73],"compute":[75],"practice.":[77],"To":[78],"effectively":[79],"enumerate":[80],"large":[81],"numbers":[82],"equilibria":[84,111,152,214],"with":[85],"payoffs":[86,98],"provided":[87,206],"experts,":[90],"we":[91,145,199],"propose":[92],"novel":[94],"combination":[95],"and":[99,116,153,218,233,237],"well-supported":[100],"\u03f5-approximate":[101],"equilibria.":[102],"develop":[104],"bounds":[105],"related":[106],"computation":[108],"for":[112,124,189],"some":[113],"special":[114],"cases":[115],"give":[117,146],"quasipolynomial":[119],"time":[120],"approximation":[121],"scheme":[122],"(QPTAS)":[123],"general":[126],"case":[127],"when":[128],"number":[130],"small":[134],"(which":[135],"true":[137],"many":[139],"real-world":[140],"applications).":[141],"Leveraging":[142],"this":[143],"QPTAS,":[144],"efficient":[147],"algorithms":[148],"find":[150],"such":[151],"experimental":[154],"results":[155,232],"showing":[156],"work":[159],"well":[160],"simulated":[162],"data.":[163],"then":[165],"built":[166],"policy":[168,241],"recommendation":[169],"engine":[170],"based":[171],"called":[175],"PREVE":[176,180],".":[177],"terrorist":[184],"group":[185],"Lashkar-e-Taiba":[186],"(LeT),":[187],"responsible":[188],"2008":[191],"Mumbai":[192],"attacks,":[193],"as":[194],"five-player":[196],"game.":[197],"Specifically,":[198],"apply":[200],"it":[201],"three":[203],"matrices":[205],"India--Pakistan":[210],"relations,":[211],"analyze":[212],"generated":[215],"PREVE,":[217],"suggest":[219],"policies":[221],"may":[223],"reduce":[224],"attacks":[225],"LeT.":[227],"briefly":[229],"discuss":[230],"identify":[234],"their":[235],"strengths":[236],"weaknesses":[238],"from":[239],"point":[242],"view.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}