{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010376411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702597","title":"Performance and User Experience of Touchscreen and Gesture Keyboards in a Lab Setting and in the Wild","display_name":"Performance and User Experience of Touchscreen and Gesture Keyboards in a Lab Setting and in the Wild","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010376411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702597","mag":"2010376411"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2702123.2702597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702597","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2702597&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2702597&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109263062","display_name":"Shyam Reyal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16835326","display_name":"University of St Andrews","ror":"https://ror.org/02wn5qz54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shyam Reyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005293560","display_name":"Shumin Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0752-2090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shumin Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research @ Google, Mountain View, CA, USA","Research @ Google, Mountain View, CA, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research @ Google, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research @ Google, Mountain View, CA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042452579","display_name":"Per Ola Kristensson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-871X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16835326","display_name":"University of St Andrews","ror":"https://ror.org/02wn5qz54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Per Ola Kristensson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge & University of St Andrews, Cambridge, United Kingdom","University of Cambridge & University of St Andrews, Cambridge, United Kingdom#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge & University of St Andrews, Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16835326","https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge & University of St Andrews, Cambridge, United Kingdom#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.3259,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":132,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97646532,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"679","last_page":"688"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/touchscreen","display_name":"Touchscreen","score":0.9500719308853149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-entry","display_name":"Text entry","score":0.9364184141159058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.7227630615234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/words-per-minute","display_name":"Words per minute","score":0.641808271408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-experience-design","display_name":"User experience design","score":0.6308144330978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6190263032913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5929131507873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/session","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","score":0.5822020173072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.5009481906890869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.49574097990989685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.48768842220306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thumb","display_name":"Thumb","score":0.4460339844226837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2897666394710541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.27282190322875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1232006847858429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08860456943511963}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778539339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165970","display_name":"Touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.9500719308853149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988504831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192366","display_name":"Text entry","level":2,"score":0.9364184141159058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.7227630615234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777970837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569389","display_name":"Words per minute","level":3,"score":0.641808271408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.6308144330978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6190263032913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5929131507873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.5822020173072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.5009481906890869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.49574097990989685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.48768842220306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776881184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83360","display_name":"Thumb","level":2,"score":0.4460339844226837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2897666394710541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.27282190322875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1232006847858429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08860456943511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2702123.2702597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702597","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2702597&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:748869","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.eng.cam.ac.uk/748869/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922847","display_name":"Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/6882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10023/6882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400230","display_name":"St Andrews Research Repository (St Andrews Research Repository)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I16835326","host_organization_name":"University of St Andrews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference item"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2702123.2702597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702597","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2702597&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550321890","https://openalex.org/W1680743030","https://openalex.org/W1973394302","https://openalex.org/W1984520644","https://openalex.org/W1984904589","https://openalex.org/W1999806644","https://openalex.org/W2012241589","https://openalex.org/W2016451232","https://openalex.org/W2018309227","https://openalex.org/W2054689358","https://openalex.org/W2058049219","https://openalex.org/W2093271015","https://openalex.org/W2102570173","https://openalex.org/W2113893685","https://openalex.org/W2124810338","https://openalex.org/W2124818189","https://openalex.org/W2128267659","https://openalex.org/W2133495565","https://openalex.org/W2136834268","https://openalex.org/W2138879556","https://openalex.org/W2139624743","https://openalex.org/W2148723390","https://openalex.org/W2154379878","https://openalex.org/W2154828295","https://openalex.org/W2280355185","https://openalex.org/W4237911670"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2182183579","https://openalex.org/W2088131892","https://openalex.org/W1994171708","https://openalex.org/W2010376411","https://openalex.org/W2183155639","https://openalex.org/W2047101780","https://openalex.org/W2785749269","https://openalex.org/W2943475692","https://openalex.org/W2963044735","https://openalex.org/W2967460443"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,189],"study":[1,28,39],"the":[2,15,21,50,56,105,108,168,195,199],"performance":[3,75],"and":[4,20,76,107,131,140,145,149,197,226],"user":[5,77],"experience":[6,51,78],"of":[7,98,121,209,224],"two":[8],"popular":[9],"mainstream":[10],"mobile":[11,67,175],"text":[12,33,44,73,90],"entry":[13,34,45,74],"methods:":[14],"Smart":[16,22],"Touch":[17],"Keyboard":[18,24],"(STK)":[19],"Gesture":[23],"(SGK).":[25],"Our":[26],"first":[27],"is":[29,135,158,170,216],"a":[30,42,128,155],"lab-based":[31],"ten-session":[32],"experiment.":[35],"In":[36,55],"our":[37],"second":[38],"we":[40],"use":[41],"new":[43],"evaluation":[46],"methodology":[47],"based":[48],"on":[49,64,104,161],"sampling":[52],"method":[53,106],"(ESM).":[54],"ESM":[57],"study,":[58],"participants":[59],"installed":[60],"an":[61,95],"Android":[62],"app":[63],"their":[65,72,80],"own":[66],"phones":[68],"that":[69,89,192],"periodically":[70],"sampled":[71],"amid":[79],"everyday":[81],"activities":[82],"for":[83],"four":[84],"weeks.":[85],"The":[86],"studies":[87,193],"show":[88],"can":[91,201],"be":[92,203],"entered":[93],"at":[94],"average":[96],"speed":[97],"28":[99],"to":[100,113,179,183,187,205],"39":[101],"WPM,":[102],"depending":[103],"user's":[109],"experience,":[110,211],"with":[111,125,167],"1.0%":[112],"3.6%":[114],"character":[115],"error":[116],"rates":[117,120],"remaining.":[118],"Error":[119],"touchscreen":[122],"input,":[123],"particularly":[124,136,159,171],"SGK,":[126],"are":[127],"major":[129],"challenge;":[130],"reducing":[132],"out-of-vocabulary":[133],"errors":[134],"important.":[137],"Both":[138],"SGK":[139,165],"STK":[141,186],"have":[142],"strengths,":[143],"weaknesses,":[144],"different":[146,207],"individual":[147],"awareness":[148],"preferences.":[150],"Two-thumb":[151],"touch":[152],"typing":[153,166],"in":[154,173,194,198,214,219],"focused":[156],"setting":[157],"effective":[160,172],"STK,":[162],"whereas":[163],"one-handed":[164],"thumb":[169],"more":[174,217],"situations.":[176],"When":[177],"exposed":[178],"both,":[180],"users":[181],"tend":[182],"migrate":[184],"from":[185],"SGK.":[188],"also":[190],"conclude":[191],"lab":[196],"wild":[200],"both":[202],"informative":[204],"reveal":[206],"aspects":[208],"keyboard":[210],"but":[212],"used":[213],"conjunction":[215],"reliable":[218],"comprehensively":[220],"assessing":[221],"input":[222],"technologies":[223],"current":[225],"future":[227],"generations.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}