{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2097530310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702539","title":"SwitchBack","display_name":"SwitchBack","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2097530310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702539","mag":"2097530310"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2702123.2702539","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702539","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058862746","display_name":"Alex Mariakakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9986-3345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Mariakakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030011411","display_name":"Mayank Goel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-7545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mayank Goel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061939102","display_name":"Md Tanvir Islam Aumi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Tanvir Islam Aumi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039879761","display_name":"Shwetak Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6300-4389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shwetak N. Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086377685","display_name":"Jacob O. Wobbrock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3675-5491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob O. Wobbrock","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2953","last_page":"2962"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.8020875453948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7807474136352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.643934965133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.5354717969894409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5117461681365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.43162280321121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.34880152344703674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34228163957595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.15190911293029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07526138424873352}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.8020875453948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7807474136352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.643934965133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5354717969894409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5117461681365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.43162280321121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34880152344703674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34228163957595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.15190911293029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07526138424873352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2702123.2702539","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702539","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3981374897","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1217627","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26833803","https://openalex.org/W31257946","https://openalex.org/W70900331","https://openalex.org/W85196187","https://openalex.org/W160140734","https://openalex.org/W411830526","https://openalex.org/W1507711477","https://openalex.org/W1517003397","https://openalex.org/W1981753533","https://openalex.org/W1984507476","https://openalex.org/W1988742375","https://openalex.org/W2005568157","https://openalex.org/W2010646587","https://openalex.org/W2018259906","https://openalex.org/W2023159994","https://openalex.org/W2033703136","https://openalex.org/W2062000228","https://openalex.org/W2077819131","https://openalex.org/W2091024890","https://openalex.org/W2101096043","https://openalex.org/W2103289133","https://openalex.org/W2105431345","https://openalex.org/W2128213565","https://openalex.org/W2140750463","https://openalex.org/W2144390195","https://openalex.org/W2147677666","https://openalex.org/W2153076044","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2164998798","https://openalex.org/W2167020116","https://openalex.org/W2168745915","https://openalex.org/W2274119436","https://openalex.org/W2625382302","https://openalex.org/W2991937863","https://openalex.org/W4238879677","https://openalex.org/W4251756751","https://openalex.org/W6651703328"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034529322","https://openalex.org/W2082438799","https://openalex.org/W1966986837","https://openalex.org/W2360138227","https://openalex.org/W2012531322","https://openalex.org/W4365808155","https://openalex.org/W2402761219","https://openalex.org/W3196817267","https://openalex.org/W1976600725","https://openalex.org/W2011442434"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smartphones":[0],"and":[1,15,69,85],"tablets":[2],"are":[3,89],"often":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6,111,129,143],"dynamic":[7],"environments":[8],"that":[9,54,100,135],"force":[10],"users":[11,35,58],"to":[12,17,32,59,78],"break":[13],"focus":[14],"attend":[16],"their":[18,39,87],"surroundings,":[19],"creating":[20],"a":[21,52,95,112,117,130],"form":[22],"of":[23,114,122,146],"\"situational":[24],"impairment.\"":[25],"Current":[26],"mobile":[27,56],"devices":[28],"have":[29],"no":[30],"ability":[31],"sense":[33],"when":[34,80],"divert":[36],"or":[37],"restore":[38],"attention,":[40],"let":[41],"alone":[42],"provide":[43],"support":[44],"for":[45],"resuming":[46],"tasks.":[47],"We":[48,125],"therefore":[49],"introduce":[50],"SwitchBack,":[51],"system":[53],"allows":[55],"device":[57],"resume":[60],"tasks":[61],"more":[62],"efficiently.":[63],"SwitchBack":[64,128,136],"is":[65,83],"built":[66],"upon":[67],"Focus":[68],"Saccade":[70],"Tracking":[71],"(FAST),":[72],"which":[73],"uses":[74],"the":[75,81,92,107,144],"front-facing":[76],"camera":[77],"determine":[79],"user":[82,108],"looking":[84],"how":[86,104],"eyes":[88],"moving":[90],"across":[91],"screen.":[93],"In":[94],"controlled":[96],"study,":[97],"we":[98],"found":[99],"FAST":[101],"can":[102],"identify":[103],"many":[105],"lines":[106],"has":[109],"read":[110],"body":[113],"text":[115],"within":[116],"mean":[118],"absolute":[119],"percent":[120],"error":[121],"just":[123],"3.9%.":[124],"then":[126],"tested":[127],"dual":[131],"focus-of-attention":[132],"task,":[133],"finding":[134],"improved":[137],"average":[138],"reading":[139],"speed":[140],"by":[141],"7.7%":[142],"presence":[145],"distractions.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}