{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990790439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2700393","title":"Unbiased Characterization of Node Pairs over Large Graphs","display_name":"Unbiased Characterization of Node Pairs over Large Graphs","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990790439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2700393","mag":"1990790439"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2700393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2700393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41523882","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","issn_l":"1556-4681","issn":["1556-4681","1556-472X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022240408","display_name":"Pinghui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5779-6108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pinghui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Noah\u2019s Ark Lab, Huawei, Hong Kong","Noah's Ark Lab, Huawei, Hong Kong#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noah\u2019s Ark Lab, Huawei, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noah's Ark Lab, Huawei, Hong Kong#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007402211","display_name":"Junzhou Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3476-8248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junzhou Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068489266","display_name":"John C. S. Lui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7466-0384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John C. S. Lui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036683370","display_name":"Don Towsley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7808-7375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Don Towsley","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA","University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075845093","display_name":"Xiaohong Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8826-0362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohong Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022240408"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4772,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.646392,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homophily","display_name":"Homophily","score":0.7759069204330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6914995908737183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.5534482598304749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.5365225672721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5331218838691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4895135164260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4722019135951996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.47095948457717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertex","display_name":"Vertex (graph theory)","score":0.465189129114151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-walk","display_name":"Random walk","score":0.4137468636035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37638741731643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3561292886734009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2545781135559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.18650290369987488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13930821418762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13678553700447083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.10981273651123047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779812341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891525","display_name":"Homophily","level":2,"score":0.7759069204330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6914995908737183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.5534482598304749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.5365225672721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5331218838691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4895135164260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4722019135951996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.47095948457717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80899671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1304193","display_name":"Vertex (graph theory)","level":3,"score":0.465189129114151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121194460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856741","display_name":"Random walk","level":2,"score":0.4137468636035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37638741731643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3561292886734009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2545781135559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.18650290369987488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13930821418762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13678553700447083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.10981273651123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2700393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2700393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41523882","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","issn_l":"1556-4681","issn":["1556-4681","1556-472X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1466650115","https://openalex.org/W1495750374","https://openalex.org/W1514107797","https://openalex.org/W1524314678","https://openalex.org/W1544306684","https://openalex.org/W1560267311","https://openalex.org/W1573579329","https://openalex.org/W1995713768","https://openalex.org/W2004671457","https://openalex.org/W2022362911","https://openalex.org/W2042359627","https://openalex.org/W2050512329","https://openalex.org/W2056760934","https://openalex.org/W2073415627","https://openalex.org/W2081082600","https://openalex.org/W2101196063","https://openalex.org/W2103799649","https://openalex.org/W2105241801","https://openalex.org/W2106315062","https://openalex.org/W2106606323","https://openalex.org/W2108207895","https://openalex.org/W2110117460","https://openalex.org/W2111708605","https://openalex.org/W2115022330","https://openalex.org/W2116039228","https://openalex.org/W2117740169","https://openalex.org/W2120511087","https://openalex.org/W2121761994","https://openalex.org/W2127503167","https://openalex.org/W2134711723","https://openalex.org/W2135658909","https://openalex.org/W2136852793","https://openalex.org/W2137135938","https://openalex.org/W2138309709","https://openalex.org/W2141667528","https://openalex.org/W2142517301","https://openalex.org/W2142623799","https://openalex.org/W2142645441","https://openalex.org/W2146008005","https://openalex.org/W2146591355","https://openalex.org/W2152046791","https://openalex.org/W2157579446","https://openalex.org/W2159741581","https://openalex.org/W2168380307","https://openalex.org/W2170358724","https://openalex.org/W2396014138","https://openalex.org/W2950961904","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6634264458"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3185373886","https://openalex.org/W3010567961","https://openalex.org/W4200127153","https://openalex.org/W2588006872","https://openalex.org/W4385338594","https://openalex.org/W3119171992","https://openalex.org/W2560747187","https://openalex.org/W1971924293","https://openalex.org/W2011190096","https://openalex.org/W2902086760"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Characterizing":[0],"user":[1,34,58,99,121,164],"pair":[2,59,165],"relationships":[3],"is":[4,29,39,48,71,109,123,141,151,202],"important":[5,110],"for":[6,52,94,111],"applications":[7,112],"such":[8,26,113],"as":[9,114,134],"friend":[10],"recommendation":[11],"and":[12,36,81,145,170,185,196],"interest":[13],"targeting":[14],"in":[15,126,204],"online":[16],"social":[17],"networks":[18],"(OSNs).":[19],"Due":[20],"to":[21,31,56,162,181,192],"the":[22,65,127,130,147],"large-scale":[23],"nature":[24],"of":[25,98,105,120,129,178],"networks,":[27],"it":[28,47],"infeasible":[30],"enumerate":[32],"all":[33],"pairs":[35,100,122],"thus":[37],"sampling":[38,74,79,137,160],"used.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42],"article,":[43],"we":[44,157,188],"show":[45,182],"that":[46,72,199],"a":[49],"great":[50],"challenge":[51],"OSN":[53,148],"service":[54],"providers":[55],"characterize":[57,163],"relationships,":[60],"even":[61],"when":[62,73],"they":[63,88],"possess":[64],"complete":[66,131],"graph":[67,149],"topology.":[68],"The":[69],"reason":[70],"techniques":[75],"(i.e.,":[76],"uniform":[77],"vertex":[78],"(UVS)":[80],"random":[82],"walk":[83],"(RW))":[84],"are":[85],"naively":[86],"applied,":[87],"can":[89],"introduce":[90],"large":[91],"biases,":[92],"particularly":[93],"estimating":[95],"similarity":[96],"distribution":[97],"with":[101],"constraints":[102],"like":[103,139],"existence":[104],"mutual":[106],"neighbors,":[107],"which":[108],"identifying":[115],"network":[116],"homophily.":[117],"Estimating":[118],"statistics":[119],"more":[124],"challenging":[125],"absence":[128],"topology":[132,150],"information,":[133],"an":[135,176],"unbiased":[136,159],"technique":[138],"UVS":[140,169],"usually":[142],"not":[143],"allowed":[144],"exploring":[146],"expensive.":[152],"To":[153],"address":[154],"these":[155,205],"challenges,":[156],"present":[158,203],"methods":[161,180,191],"properties":[166],"based":[167],"on":[168],"RW":[171],"techniques.":[172],"We":[173],"carry":[174],"out":[175],"evaluation":[177],"our":[179,190],"their":[183],"accuracy":[184],"efficiency.":[186],"Finally,":[187],"apply":[189],"three":[193],"OSNs\u2014Foursquare,":[194],"Douban,":[195],"Xiami\u2014and":[197],"discover":[198],"significant":[200],"homophily":[201],"networks.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}