{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2233654029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2700233","title":"Low-Power Heterogeneous Graphene Nanoribbon-CMOS Multistate Volatile Memory Circuit","display_name":"Low-Power Heterogeneous Graphene Nanoribbon-CMOS Multistate Volatile Memory Circuit","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2233654029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2700233","mag":"2233654029"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2700233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2700233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96198239","display_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","issn_l":"1550-4832","issn":["1550-4832","1550-4840"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074461869","display_name":"Santosh Khasanvis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Santosh Khasanvis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113764010","display_name":"K. M. Masum Habib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3449-7716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. M. Masum Habib","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052808482","display_name":"Mostafizur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7318-3528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mostafizur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078651531","display_name":"Roger K. Lake","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3318-7962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger Lake","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001906878","display_name":"Csaba Andras Moritz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1878-1340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Csaba Andras Moritz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074461869"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1405,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49574545,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10083","display_name":"Graphene research and applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10083","display_name":"Graphene research and applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.841031551361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.806650698184967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.8014368414878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphene","display_name":"Graphene","score":0.6893319487571716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoelectronics","display_name":"Nanoelectronics","score":0.5741065740585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.554938554763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.49471351504325867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standby-power","display_name":"Standby power","score":0.4454777240753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4413621425628662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-volatile-memory","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","score":0.4110344648361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39321115612983704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.38171958923339844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.35476112365722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3081878125667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22460207343101501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1694870889186859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.841031551361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.806650698184967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.8014368414878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30080830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917","display_name":"Graphene","level":2,"score":0.6893319487571716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141400236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1479544","display_name":"Nanoelectronics","level":2,"score":0.5741065740585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.554938554763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.49471351504325867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7140552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366402","display_name":"Standby power","level":3,"score":0.4454777240753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4413621425628662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177950962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10997658","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","level":2,"score":0.4110344648361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39321115612983704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.38171958923339844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.35476112365722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3081878125667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22460207343101501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1694870889186859}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2700233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2700233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96198239","display_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","issn_l":"1550-4832","issn":["1550-4832","1550-4840"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oai.internano.org:2309","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402071","display_name":"InterNano Nanomanufacturing Library (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13913727","https://openalex.org/W148021875","https://openalex.org/W605554033","https://openalex.org/W1538775379","https://openalex.org/W1552404653","https://openalex.org/W1982118543","https://openalex.org/W1989595215","https://openalex.org/W2004387513","https://openalex.org/W2018234380","https://openalex.org/W2041446224","https://openalex.org/W2048752671","https://openalex.org/W2062589374","https://openalex.org/W2065713930","https://openalex.org/W2071574315","https://openalex.org/W2082150144","https://openalex.org/W2093695000","https://openalex.org/W2103502490","https://openalex.org/W2104851486","https://openalex.org/W2106605077","https://openalex.org/W2113279875","https://openalex.org/W2117164389","https://openalex.org/W2122779182","https://openalex.org/W2125284466","https://openalex.org/W2128361738","https://openalex.org/W2129736765","https://openalex.org/W2135436810","https://openalex.org/W2137923776","https://openalex.org/W2139637705","https://openalex.org/W2145930457","https://openalex.org/W2149435313","https://openalex.org/W2159128749","https://openalex.org/W2161091390","https://openalex.org/W2162649089","https://openalex.org/W2171019680","https://openalex.org/W2317298186","https://openalex.org/W2503940140","https://openalex.org/W2527193322","https://openalex.org/W2540697258","https://openalex.org/W3102150099","https://openalex.org/W3104831066","https://openalex.org/W4211172053"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2788884286","https://openalex.org/W2134643927","https://openalex.org/W2773448237","https://openalex.org/W2188598220","https://openalex.org/W2783549708","https://openalex.org/W2110995678","https://openalex.org/W2162271340","https://openalex.org/W2894040387","https://openalex.org/W3103005480","https://openalex.org/W2539500217"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Graphene":[0],"is":[1,42,76,93,119,154],"an":[2],"emerging":[3],"nanomaterial":[4],"believed":[5],"to":[6,15,68,79,82,112,135,158,175],"be":[7,185],"a":[8,20,38,50,96,100],"potential":[9,174],"candidate":[10],"for":[11,90],"post-Si":[12],"nanoelectronics":[13],"due":[14],"its":[16],"exotic":[17],"properties.":[18],"Recently,":[19],"new":[21],"graphene":[22,59,104,189,193],"nanoribbon":[23,60],"crossbar":[24],"(xGNR)":[25],"device":[26],"was":[27],"proposed":[28,130],"which":[29],"exhibits":[30],"negative":[31],"differential":[32],"resistance":[33],"(NDR).":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36,55],"article,":[37],"multistate":[39],"memory":[40,64],"design":[41,89,118],"presented":[43,94],"that":[44],"can":[45],"store":[46],"multiple":[47],"bits":[48,73],"in":[49,197],"single":[51],"cell":[52,75,132],"enabled":[53],"by":[54,187],"xGNR":[56],"device,":[57],"called":[58],"tunneling":[61],"random":[62],"access":[63],"(GNTRAM).":[65],"An":[66],"approach":[67],"increase":[69],"the":[70,173,198],"number":[71],"of":[72,108],"per":[74],"explored":[77],"alternative":[78],"physical":[80],"scaling":[81],"overcome":[83],"CMOS":[84,124,141],"SRAM":[85],"limitations.":[86],"A":[87],"comprehensive":[88],"quaternary":[91,131],"GNTRAM":[92,171],"as":[95,192],"baseline,":[97],"implemented":[98],"with":[99],"heterogeneous":[101],"integration":[102],"between":[103],"and":[105,110,126,143,153,163],"CMOS.":[106],"Sources":[107],"leakage":[109],"approaches":[111],"mitigate":[113],"them":[114],"are":[115],"investigated.":[116],"This":[117],"extensively":[120],"benchmarked":[121],"against":[122,167],"16nm":[123,140],"SRAMs":[125,142],"3T":[127,146],"DRAM.":[128,147],"The":[129],"shows":[133],"up":[134,157],"2.27\u00d7":[136],"density":[137],"benefit":[138],"versus":[139,145],"1.8\u00d7":[144],"It":[148],"has":[149,172],"comparable":[150],"read":[151],"performance":[152],"power":[155],"efficient":[156],"1.32\u00d7":[159],"during":[160,165],"active":[161],"period":[162],"818\u00d7":[164],"standby":[166],"high-performance":[168],"SRAMs.":[169],"Multistate":[170],"realize":[176],"high-density":[177],"low-power":[178],"nanoscale":[179],"embedded":[180],"memories.":[181],"Further":[182],"improvements":[183],"may":[184],"possible":[186],"using":[188],"more":[190],"extensively,":[191],"transistors":[194],"become":[195],"available":[196],"future.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
