{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2072005378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2699862","title":"Obstacle-Avoiding Algorithm in X-Architecture Based on Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization for VLSI Design","display_name":"Obstacle-Avoiding Algorithm in X-Architecture Based on Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization for VLSI Design","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2072005378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2699862","mag":"2072005378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2699862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2699862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105046310","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","issn_l":"1084-4309","issn":["1084-4309","1557-7309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017381514","display_name":"Xing Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5396-110X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fu Zhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China","Fu Zhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fu Zhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fu Zhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045753829","display_name":"Genggeng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3099-4371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Genggeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fu Zhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China","Fu Zhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fu Zhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fu Zhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100643723","display_name":"Wenzhong Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4118-8823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenzhong Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fu Zhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China","Fu Zhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fu Zhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fu Zhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066931530","display_name":"Yuzhen Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9874-9719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuzhen Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fu Zhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China","Fu Zhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fu Zhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fu Zhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100778693","display_name":"Guolong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4243-4782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guolong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fu Zhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China","Fu Zhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fu Zhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fu Zhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3887,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66428695,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.841948390007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.7092761993408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.6954449415206909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6529237627983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-large-scale-integration","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","score":0.5973340272903442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steiner-tree-problem","display_name":"Steiner tree problem","score":0.5650451183319092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.525835394859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.49221697449684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4827505946159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lookup-table","display_name":"Lookup table","score":0.47965362668037415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.445970356464386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.4291380047798157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/table","display_name":"Table (database)","score":0.4273432791233063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4258498251438141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3852621912956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09953340888023376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.0761277973651886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.06953772902488708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.06498301029205322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.841948390007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.7092761993408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.6954449415206909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6529237627983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.5973340272903442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76220878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1764144","display_name":"Steiner tree problem","level":2,"score":0.5650451183319092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.525835394859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.49221697449684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4827505946159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134835016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690265","display_name":"Lookup table","level":2,"score":0.47965362668037415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.445970356464386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4291380047798157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.4273432791233063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4258498251438141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3852621912956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09953340888023376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0761277973651886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.06953772902488708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.06498301029205322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2699862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2699862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105046310","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","issn_l":"1084-4309","issn":["1084-4309","1557-7309"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5459875513","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2011CB808003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G765247237","display_name":"\u975e\u66fc\u54c8\u987f\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0bVLSI\u591a\u5c42\u603b\u4f53\u5e03\u7ebf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"11271002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W202510507","https://openalex.org/W1496503345","https://openalex.org/W1504319242","https://openalex.org/W1538422958","https://openalex.org/W1577668191","https://openalex.org/W1603813963","https://openalex.org/W1820051232","https://openalex.org/W1970630754","https://openalex.org/W2013328386","https://openalex.org/W2021486220","https://openalex.org/W2025658531","https://openalex.org/W2025854031","https://openalex.org/W2034725007","https://openalex.org/W2036270581","https://openalex.org/W2064086982","https://openalex.org/W2065255302","https://openalex.org/W2078144752","https://openalex.org/W2080879057","https://openalex.org/W2105217707","https://openalex.org/W2108210698","https://openalex.org/W2108328631","https://openalex.org/W2108388069","https://openalex.org/W2109364787","https://openalex.org/W2117449332","https://openalex.org/W2125831674","https://openalex.org/W2128106741","https://openalex.org/W2159505989","https://openalex.org/W2161510970","https://openalex.org/W2162320001","https://openalex.org/W2167966310","https://openalex.org/W2180570939","https://openalex.org/W4236504040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161182859","https://openalex.org/W2118320476","https://openalex.org/W1503036335","https://openalex.org/W2025658531","https://openalex.org/W4244816249","https://openalex.org/W2054452185","https://openalex.org/W4236115276","https://openalex.org/W2156728385","https://openalex.org/W1736241556","https://openalex.org/W3015807029"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Obstacle-avoiding":[0],"Steiner":[1],"minimal":[2],"tree":[3],"(OASMT)":[4],"construction":[5],"has":[6],"become":[7],"a":[8,38,46,73,88,98,195],"focus":[9],"problem":[10,168],"in":[11,169,182,194],"the":[12,60,93,115,134,137,144,147,159,165,175,183,190,199],"physical":[13],"design":[14],"of":[15,41,48,122,136,146,185],"modern":[16],"very":[17],"large-scale":[18],"integration":[19],"(VLSI)":[20],"chips.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23,157],"article,":[24],"an":[25,32,105,125],"effective":[26],"algorithm":[27,54,63,95,177],"is":[28,55,76,129,158],"presented":[29],"to":[30,79,112,131,162],"construct":[31],"OASMT":[33],"based":[34],"on":[35,151],"X-architecturex":[36],"for":[37,92],"given":[39],"set":[40],"pins":[42],"and":[43,65,83],"obstacles.":[44,123,186],"First,":[45],"kind":[47],"special":[49],"particle":[50],"swarm":[51],"optimization":[52],"(PSO)":[53],"proposed":[56,176],"that":[57,174],"successfully":[58],"combines":[59],"classic":[61],"genetic":[62],"(GA),":[64],"greatly":[66],"improves":[67],"its":[68],"own":[69],"search":[70],"capability.":[71],"Second,":[72],"pretreatment":[74],"strategy":[75],"put":[77],"forward":[78],"deal":[80],"with":[81],"obstacles":[82,116],"pins,":[84],"which":[85,109,141],"can":[86,142,178],"provide":[87],"fast":[89],"information":[90],"inquiry":[91],"whole":[94],"by":[96,117,149],"generating":[97],"precomputed":[99],"lookup":[100],"table.":[101],"Third,":[102],"we":[103],"present":[104],"efficient":[106],"adjustment":[107],"method,":[108],"enables":[110],"particles":[111],"avoid":[113],"all":[114],"introducing":[118],"some":[119],"corner":[120],"points":[121],"Finally,":[124],"excellent":[126],"refinement":[127],"method":[128],"discussed":[130],"further":[132,179],"enhance":[133],"quality":[135,145,193],"final":[138],"routing":[139],"tree,":[140],"improve":[143],"solution":[148,192],"7.93%":[150],"average.":[152],"To":[153],"our":[154],"best":[155,191],"knowledge,":[156],"first":[160],"time":[161],"specially":[163],"solve":[164],"single-layer":[166],"obstacle-avoiding":[167],"X-architecture.":[170],"Experimental":[171],"results":[172],"show":[173],"shorten":[180],"wirelength":[181],"presence":[184],"And":[187],"it":[188],"achieves":[189],"reasonable":[196],"runtime":[197],"among":[198],"existing":[200],"algorithms.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
