{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2092174202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2696454.2696456","title":"Evidence that Robots Trigger a Cheating Detector in Humans","display_name":"Evidence that Robots Trigger a Cheating Detector in Humans","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2092174202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2696454.2696456","mag":"2092174202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2696454.2696456","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2696454.2696456","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Tenth Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044555328","display_name":"Alexandru Litoiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexandru Litoiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","Department of Computer Science, Yale University, 51 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Yale University, 51 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090932272","display_name":"Daniel Ullman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Ullman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","Department of Computer Science, Yale University, 51 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Yale University, 51 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012944403","display_name":"Jason Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5089-8048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","Department of Computer Science, Yale University, 51 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Yale University, 51 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027635705","display_name":"Brian Scassellati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7671-7759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Scassellati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","Department of Computer Science, Yale University, 51 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Yale University, 51 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044555328"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6396,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8971823,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"165","last_page":"172"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11997","display_name":"Free Will and Agency","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cheating","display_name":"Cheating","score":0.9303121566772461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6775444746017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.546950101852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utterance","display_name":"Utterance","score":0.5425352454185486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intentionality","display_name":"Intentionality","score":0.515554666519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5002706050872803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","score":0.4895866811275482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4423198401927948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.43289363384246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39692509174346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3579205274581909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.35267147421836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.08103364706039429}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778024590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357432","display_name":"Cheating","level":2,"score":0.9303121566772461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6775444746017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.546950101852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775852435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258403","display_name":"Utterance","level":2,"score":0.5425352454185486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654390","display_name":"Intentionality","level":2,"score":0.515554666519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5002706050872803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4895866811275482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4423198401927948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.43289363384246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39692509174346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3579205274581909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.35267147421836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.08103364706039429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2696454.2696456","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2696454.2696456","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Tenth Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7092174590","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1117801","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W155786285","https://openalex.org/W1640506982","https://openalex.org/W1786196661","https://openalex.org/W1968340857","https://openalex.org/W1992168219","https://openalex.org/W2031132966","https://openalex.org/W2045163169","https://openalex.org/W2084907907","https://openalex.org/W2101972785","https://openalex.org/W2123393961","https://openalex.org/W2127135847","https://openalex.org/W2160379528","https://openalex.org/W2187910110","https://openalex.org/W2395322519","https://openalex.org/W2598078671"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012288173","https://openalex.org/W1968538666","https://openalex.org/W2097662580","https://openalex.org/W3199302685","https://openalex.org/W2344072770","https://openalex.org/W2389163612","https://openalex.org/W2065650938","https://openalex.org/W2365256465","https://openalex.org/W3125386985","https://openalex.org/W2020277666"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Short":[0],"et":[1],"al.":[2],"found":[3],"that":[4,42,46,135,149,176,197,212,228],"in":[5,41,143,175,186,220],"a":[6,9,13,89,120,129,166,225],"game":[7],"between":[8,97],"human":[10],"participant":[11,17],"and":[12,26,76,123,195,203,216],"humanoid":[14],"robot,":[15],"the":[16,20,44,54,63,67,73,80,103,106,133,136,156,160,171,187,193,198,208,214,218],"will":[18],"perceive":[19],"robot":[21,45,107,137,161,199],"as":[22,27],"being":[23],"more":[24,29,51,152,182],"agentic":[25],"having":[28],"intentionality":[30,77],"if":[31,35],"it":[32,36],"cheats":[33],"than":[34,53],"plays":[37],"without":[38],"cheating.":[39],"However,":[40],"design,":[43],"actively":[47],"cheated":[48,162],"also":[49,180],"generated":[50],"motion":[52],"other":[55,172],"conditions.":[56,173],"In":[57,88],"this":[58,86],"paper,":[59],"we":[60,95,147],"investigate":[61],"whether":[62,79],"additional":[64],"movement":[65],"of":[66,82,105,189],"cheating":[68,83,108,112,116,125,226],"gesture":[69,140,157],"is":[70,200,206],"responsible":[71],"for":[72,224],"increased":[74],"agency":[75],"or":[78],"act":[81],"itself":[84,211],"triggers":[85],"response.":[87],"between-participant":[90],"design":[91],"with":[92,170],"83":[93],"participants,":[94],"disambiguate":[96],"these":[98],"causes":[99,213],"by":[100,232],"testing":[101],"(1)":[102],"cases":[104],"to":[109,113,117,126,141,154,163,184],"win,":[110],"(2)":[111],"lose,":[114],"(3)":[115],"tie":[118,127],"from":[119,128,165],"winning":[121],"position,":[122,168],"(4)":[124],"losing":[130,167],"position.":[131],"Despite":[132],"fact":[134],"changes":[138],"its":[139],"cheat":[142,194,210],"all":[144],"four":[145],"conditions,":[146],"find":[148],"participants":[150],"are":[151,179],"likely":[153,183],"report":[155,196],"change":[158,219],"when":[159],"win":[164],"compared":[169],"Participants":[174],"same":[177],"condition":[178],"far":[181],"protest":[185],"form":[188],"an":[190],"utterance":[191],"following":[192],"less":[201],"fair":[202],"honest.":[204],"It":[205],"therefore":[207],"adversarial":[209],"effect":[215],"not":[217],"gesture,":[221],"providing":[222],"evidence":[223],"detector":[227],"can":[229],"be":[230],"triggered":[231],"robots.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
