{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116469687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2694344.2694372","title":"A Hardware Design Language for Timing-Sensitive Information-Flow Security","display_name":"A Hardware Design Language for Timing-Sensitive Information-Flow Security","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116469687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2694344.2694372","mag":"2116469687"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2694344.2694372","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2694344.2694372","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100722775","display_name":"Danfeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1942-6872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danfeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100319045","display_name":"Yao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-5273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024329178","display_name":"G. Edward Suh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6409-9888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Edward Suh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101697549","display_name":"Andrew C. Myers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5819-7588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew C. Myers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":144,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"503","last_page":"516"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9674000144004822,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.827714741230011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-flow","display_name":"Information flow","score":0.6506183743476868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-description-language","display_name":"Hardware description language","score":0.6497366428375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-leakage","display_name":"Information leakage","score":0.647808849811554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5658767819404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security-module","display_name":"Hardware security module","score":0.5572420954704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-flow","display_name":"Design flow","score":0.5560064315795898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verilog","display_name":"Verilog","score":0.5326383113861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.4712527096271515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.46268025040626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.45686647295951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-compatibility-list","display_name":"Hardware compatibility list","score":0.4471759498119354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.30989599227905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.22772082686424255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2229515016078949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1996220052242279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1758437156677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-architecture","display_name":"Hardware architecture","score":0.13364899158477783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.10839033126831055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.827714741230011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779136372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10283002","display_name":"Information flow","level":2,"score":0.6506183743476868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42143788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173341","display_name":"Hardware description language","level":3,"score":0.6497366428375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2775060","display_name":"Information leakage","level":2,"score":0.647808849811554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5658767819404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.5572420954704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37135326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931942","display_name":"Design flow","level":2,"score":0.5560064315795898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779030575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827773","display_name":"Verilog","level":3,"score":0.5326383113861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.4712527096271515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.46268025040626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.45686647295951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161394538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3127397","display_name":"Hardware compatibility list","level":4,"score":0.4471759498119354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.30989599227905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.22772082686424255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2229515016078949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1996220052242279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1758437156677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65232700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656403","display_name":"Hardware architecture","level":3,"score":0.13364899158477783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.10839033126831055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2694344.2694372","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2694344.2694372","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.720.995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.720.995","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cse.psu.edu/%7Edbz5017/pub/asplos15.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3099828247","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-0746913, CCF-0905208, CCF- 0964409","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7150940694","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-13-1-0089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7178732227","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-11-2-0025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332467","funder_display_name":"U.S. Air Force"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332467","display_name":"U.S. Air Force","ror":"https://ror.org/006gmme17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140898647","https://openalex.org/W141971178","https://openalex.org/W153174126","https://openalex.org/W1480909796","https://openalex.org/W1488058190","https://openalex.org/W1499226144","https://openalex.org/W1613874182","https://openalex.org/W1686420892","https://openalex.org/W1809853109","https://openalex.org/W1874682220","https://openalex.org/W1977764760","https://openalex.org/W1998003182","https://openalex.org/W2005192022","https://openalex.org/W2016224355","https://openalex.org/W2027584005","https://openalex.org/W2027822753","https://openalex.org/W2056778557","https://openalex.org/W2060710422","https://openalex.org/W2066195326","https://openalex.org/W2066210260","https://openalex.org/W2069300761","https://openalex.org/W2088923183","https://openalex.org/W2096692976","https://openalex.org/W2099137371","https://openalex.org/W2104182023","https://openalex.org/W2107517480","https://openalex.org/W2114771706","https://openalex.org/W2117550587","https://openalex.org/W2122049982","https://openalex.org/W2123858370","https://openalex.org/W2128255161","https://openalex.org/W2128932642","https://openalex.org/W2131129639","https://openalex.org/W2133996557","https://openalex.org/W2145936802","https://openalex.org/W2146573211","https://openalex.org/W2147378257","https://openalex.org/W2149465027","https://openalex.org/W2150619336","https://openalex.org/W2151071112","https://openalex.org/W2154005761","https://openalex.org/W2158126684","https://openalex.org/W2164232960","https://openalex.org/W2166293920","https://openalex.org/W2171182387","https://openalex.org/W2172060328","https://openalex.org/W2987907651","https://openalex.org/W3029601593","https://openalex.org/W3146075203","https://openalex.org/W4240226860","https://openalex.org/W4251912342","https://openalex.org/W4252361379","https://openalex.org/W4255344275","https://openalex.org/W6677124578"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2612718941","https://openalex.org/W2127009070","https://openalex.org/W2148669305","https://openalex.org/W1988777083","https://openalex.org/W3088996813","https://openalex.org/W4399584967","https://openalex.org/W4234259058","https://openalex.org/W1967519200","https://openalex.org/W2323377881","https://openalex.org/W2116469687"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Information":[0],"security":[1],"can":[2,50],"be":[3,51],"compromised":[4],"by":[5,25],"leakage":[6],"via":[7],"low-level":[8],"hardware":[9,30,45,117],"features.":[10],"One":[11],"recently":[12],"prominent":[13],"example":[14],"is":[15,64],"cache":[16],"probing":[17],"attacks,":[18],"which":[19,34],"rely":[20],"on":[21],"timing":[22,57],"channels":[23,58],"created":[24],"caches.":[26],"We":[27],"introduce":[28],"a":[29,100],"design":[31],"language,":[32],"SecVerilog,":[33,48],"makes":[35,111],"it":[36,112],"possible":[37,113],"to":[38,114],"statically":[39],"analyze":[40],"information":[41,61,76,96],"flow":[42],"at":[43],"the":[44],"level.":[46],"With":[47],"systems":[49],"built":[52],"with":[53,67,81,119,123],"verifiable":[54],"control":[55],"of":[56],"and":[59,92,104,129],"other":[60],"channels.":[62],"SecVerilog":[63,88,110],"Verilog,":[65],"extended":[66],"expressive":[68],"type":[69],"annotations":[70],"that":[71,87,109],"enable":[72],"precise":[73],"reasoning":[74],"about":[75],"flow.":[77,97],"It":[78],"also":[79],"comes":[80],"rigorous":[82],"formal":[83],"assurance:":[84],"we":[85,107],"prove":[86],"enforces":[89],"timing-sensitive":[90],"noninterference":[91],"thus":[93],"ensures":[94],"secure":[95,101],"By":[98],"building":[99],"MIPS":[102],"processor":[103],"its":[105],"caches,":[106],"demonstrate":[108],"build":[115],"complex":[116],"designs":[118],"verified":[120],"security,":[121],"yet":[122],"low":[124],"overhead":[125],"in":[126],"time,":[127],"space,":[128],"HW":[130],"designer":[131],"effort.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}