{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2033244161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2689702.2689703","title":"Mixed-Mode Malware and Its Analysis","display_name":"Mixed-Mode Malware and Its Analysis","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2033244161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2689702.2689703","mag":"2033244161"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2689702.2689703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2689702.2689703","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th Program Protection and Reverse Engineering Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040194296","display_name":"Shabnam Aboughadareh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shabnam Aboughadareh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079825775","display_name":"Christoph Csallner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0896-6902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Csallner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033177201","display_name":"Mehdi Azarmi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Azarmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","Purdue University. West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University. West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2949,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55699526,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware-analysis","display_name":"Malware analysis","score":0.8144092559814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7997545003890991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rootkit","display_name":"Rootkit","score":0.595466136932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.5795500874519348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-analysis","display_name":"Static analysis","score":0.5563708543777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.49216192960739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.48626434803009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.4829930067062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-call","display_name":"System call","score":0.47540149092674255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.46812334656715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.46306318044662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptovirology","display_name":"Cryptovirology","score":0.4104287922382355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3316679000854492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2832128405570984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2720305919647217}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779395397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15731404","display_name":"Malware analysis","level":3,"score":0.8144092559814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7997545003890991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10144332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14645","display_name":"Rootkit","level":3,"score":0.595466136932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.5795500874519348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97686452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7604153","display_name":"Static analysis","level":2,"score":0.5563708543777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.49216192960739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.48626434803009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.4829930067062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778579508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722192","display_name":"System call","level":2,"score":0.47540149092674255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.46812334656715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.46306318044662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3506050","display_name":"Cryptovirology","level":3,"score":0.4104287922382355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3316679000854492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2832128405570984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2720305919647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2689702.2689703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2689702.2689703","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th Program Protection and Reverse Engineering Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.719.117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.719.117","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ranger.uta.edu/%7Ecsallner/papers/aboughadareh14mixed.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7941022482","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1017305,1117369","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103986934","https://openalex.org/W115429978","https://openalex.org/W119280561","https://openalex.org/W143519483","https://openalex.org/W170643029","https://openalex.org/W571847859","https://openalex.org/W1503224444","https://openalex.org/W1533125894","https://openalex.org/W1550115315","https://openalex.org/W1641762327","https://openalex.org/W1775664482","https://openalex.org/W1829003931","https://openalex.org/W1858426298","https://openalex.org/W1924660776","https://openalex.org/W1962340579","https://openalex.org/W1993101454","https://openalex.org/W2021920901","https://openalex.org/W2029224396","https://openalex.org/W2048997531","https://openalex.org/W2065566278","https://openalex.org/W2089560940","https://openalex.org/W2100002952","https://openalex.org/W2110756602","https://openalex.org/W2111038628","https://openalex.org/W2112731379","https://openalex.org/W2117030266","https://openalex.org/W2119251836","https://openalex.org/W2120297918","https://openalex.org/W2126220112","https://openalex.org/W2135162105","https://openalex.org/W2138580357","https://openalex.org/W2140807364","https://openalex.org/W2150795982","https://openalex.org/W2151135920","https://openalex.org/W2162765234","https://openalex.org/W2168760272","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6604836748","https://openalex.org/W6629915129","https://openalex.org/W6633010358","https://openalex.org/W6686676148"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2183925834","https://openalex.org/W2007647094","https://openalex.org/W3136388389","https://openalex.org/W2995172056","https://openalex.org/W2610659201","https://openalex.org/W3107556205","https://openalex.org/W4234891089","https://openalex.org/W2067547021","https://openalex.org/W2805262980","https://openalex.org/W2548537835"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mixed-mode":[0],"malware":[1,11,27,34,38,86],"contains":[2],"user-mode":[3],"and":[4,110],"kernel-mode":[5],"components":[6],"that":[7,58,88],"are":[8,41],"interdependent.":[9],"Such":[10,26],"exhibits":[12],"its":[13],"main":[14],"malicious":[15],"payload":[16],"only":[17],"after":[18],"it":[19],"succeeds":[20],"at":[21],"corrupting":[22],"the":[23,49,72,102],"OS":[24],"kernel.":[25],"may":[28],"further":[29],"actively":[30],"attack":[31],"or":[32],"subvert":[33],"analysis":[35,39,61,91,107],"components.":[36],"Current":[37],"techniques":[40],"not":[42],"effective":[43],"against":[44],"mixed-mode":[45,85],"malware.":[46],"To":[47],"overcome":[48],"limitations":[50],"of":[51,96],"current":[52,90],"techniques,":[53],"we":[54],"present":[55],"an":[56],"approach":[57,70],"combines":[59],"whole-system":[60],"with":[62,101],"outside-the-guest":[63],"virtual":[64],"machine":[65],"introspection.":[66],"We":[67],"implement":[68],"this":[69],"in":[71,99],"SEMU":[73,80,97],"tool":[74],"for":[75],"Windows.":[76],"In":[77],"our":[78],"experiments":[79],"could":[81],"successfully":[82],"analyze":[83],"several":[84],"samples":[87],"evade":[89],"approaches.":[92],"The":[93],"runtime":[94],"overhead":[95],"is":[98],"line":[100],"most":[103],"closely":[104],"related":[105],"dynamic":[106],"tools":[108],"TEMU":[109],"Ether.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}