{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2132473764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2688500.2688523","title":"The SprayList: a scalable relaxed priority queue","display_name":"The SprayList: a scalable relaxed priority queue","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2132473764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2688500.2688523","mag":"2132473764"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2688500.2688523","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2688500.2688523","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2688500.2688523","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 20th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2688500.2688523","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083822059","display_name":"Dan Alistarh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3650-940X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dan Alistarh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, UK","[Microsoft Research, UK]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Microsoft Research, UK]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061691413","display_name":"Justin Kopinsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2062-0998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin Kopinsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA","Massachusetts Institute Of Technology, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute Of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101439736","display_name":"Jerry Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8774-826X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jerry Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA","Massachusetts Institute Of Technology, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute Of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037659256","display_name":"Nir Shavit","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nir Shavit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA / Tel Aviv University, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA / Tel Aviv University, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007","https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083822059"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.8191,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":94,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99203045,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"11","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8202184438705444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.7667044401168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7600135207176208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/priority-queue","display_name":"Priority queue","score":0.6756222248077393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queue","display_name":"Queue","score":0.5808747410774231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5780802369117737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.557504415512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thread","display_name":"Thread (computing)","score":0.5508503913879395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4233548939228058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.13038423657417297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12474074959754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11363112926483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.09628963470458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.07908767461776733}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8202184438705444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.7667044401168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7600135207176208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26951474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629283","display_name":"Priority queue","level":3,"score":0.6756222248077393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160403385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220543","display_name":"Queue","level":2,"score":0.5808747410774231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5780802369117737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.557504415512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138101251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213092","display_name":"Thread (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5508503913879395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4233548939228058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.13038423657417297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12474074959754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11363112926483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.09628963470458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.07908767461776733}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2688500.2688523","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2688500.2688523","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2688500.2688523","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 20th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/101058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101058","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MIT web domain","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2688500.2688523","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2688500.2688523","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2688500.2688523","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 20th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3148134903","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ER26116/DE-SC0008923","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4252671323","display_name":"SHF: Small: Multicore Data-Structures: Relaxed, Flat, and Randomized","funder_award_id":"1217921","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4681317901","display_name":"SHF: Medium: Collaborative Research: Transactional Software Infrastructures: Making the Most of Hardware Transactions","funder_award_id":"1301926","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5402090779","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F-130","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5601974570","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1447786","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6117372585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-SC000892","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8493326717","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1301926","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G851859384","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1447786","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8693430560","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1217921","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8770192470","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1217921, CCF-1301926, and IIS-1447786","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8773806943","display_name":"BIGDATA: IA: DKA: Collaborative Research: High-Thoughput Connectomics","funder_award_id":"1447786","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8839178245","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-SC0008923","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307102","display_name":"Intel Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307904","display_name":"Oracle","ror":"https://ror.org/006c77m33"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2132473764.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2132473764.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14558443","https://openalex.org/W576220630","https://openalex.org/W1520380662","https://openalex.org/W1887400500","https://openalex.org/W1967362387","https://openalex.org/W1971039848","https://openalex.org/W1972955159","https://openalex.org/W1975301927","https://openalex.org/W1977697792","https://openalex.org/W1983572666","https://openalex.org/W2003898228","https://openalex.org/W2003969379","https://openalex.org/W2012223233","https://openalex.org/W2016023031","https://openalex.org/W2034102265","https://openalex.org/W2063800777","https://openalex.org/W2070991879","https://openalex.org/W2082679906","https://openalex.org/W2087530649","https://openalex.org/W2115693940","https://openalex.org/W2129017891","https://openalex.org/W2134542242","https://openalex.org/W2139142311","https://openalex.org/W2140908587","https://openalex.org/W2151395819","https://openalex.org/W2172192453","https://openalex.org/W2187800381","https://openalex.org/W2752885492","https://openalex.org/W2913334236","https://openalex.org/W2952529154","https://openalex.org/W3000489660","https://openalex.org/W3145128584","https://openalex.org/W4210727445","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6646522387","https://openalex.org/W6685074604"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2595172197","https://openalex.org/W2084856301","https://openalex.org/W2127970246","https://openalex.org/W2011430815","https://openalex.org/W4321606653","https://openalex.org/W2768886816","https://openalex.org/W189328514","https://openalex.org/W2143289692","https://openalex.org/W3049636605","https://openalex.org/W1974858599"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-performance":[0],"concurrent":[1],"priority":[2,67],"queues":[3],"are":[4],"essential":[5],"for":[6,178,192],"applications":[7],"such":[8],"as":[9],"task":[10],"scheduling":[11],"and":[12],"discrete":[13],"event":[14],"simulation.":[15],"Unfortunately,":[16],"even":[17],"the":[18,31,38,43,46,49,63,78,86,97,100,124,130,138,145,160,163,169,173,196,203],"best":[19],"performing":[20],"implementations":[21],"do":[22],"not":[23],"scale":[24,177],"past":[25],"a":[26,55,65,75,90,104,112,149,184],"number":[27,139],"of":[28,37,48,99,140,148,159,162,199],"threads":[29],"in":[30,41,51,103,129],"single":[32],"digits.":[33],"This":[34],"is":[35,84,109,137,152],"because":[36],"sequential":[39,91],"bottleneck":[40,92],"accessing":[42],"elements":[44],"at":[45],"head":[47,98],"queue":[50,68],"order":[52],"to":[53,176,183,207],"perform":[54],"DeleteMin":[56,87,119,150],"operation.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"paper,":[60],"we":[61,189],"present":[62],"SprayList,":[64],"scalable":[66],"with":[69,132,155],"relaxed":[70,170],"ordering":[71],"semantics.":[72],"Starting":[73],"from":[74],"non-blocking":[76],"SkipList,":[77],"main":[79],"innovation":[80],"behind":[81],"our":[82],"design":[83],"that":[85,118,144,168],"operations":[88],"avoid":[89],"by":[93],"``spraying''":[94],"themselves":[95],"onto":[96],"SkipList":[101],"list":[102],"coordinated":[105],"fashion.":[106],"The":[107],"spraying":[108],"implemented":[110],"using":[111],"carefully":[113],"designed":[114],"random":[115],"walk,":[116],"so":[117],"returns":[120],"an":[121],"element":[122],"among":[123],"first":[125],"O(p":[126],"log^3":[127],"p)":[128],"list,":[131],"high":[133,156,179],"probability,":[134,157],"where":[135],"p":[136],"threads.":[141],"We":[142],"prove":[143],"running":[146],"time":[147],"operation":[151],"O(log^3":[153],"p),":[154],"independent":[158],"size":[161],"list.":[164],"Our":[165],"experiments":[166],"show":[167],"semantics":[171],"allow":[172],"data":[174],"structure":[175],"thread":[180],"counts,":[181],"comparable":[182],"classic":[185],"unordered":[186],"SkipList.":[187],"Furthermore,":[188],"observe":[190],"that,":[191],"reasonably":[193],"parallel":[194],"workloads,":[195],"scalability":[197],"benefits":[198],"relaxation":[200],"considerably":[201],"outweigh":[202],"additional":[204],"work":[205],"due":[206],"out-of-order":[208],"execution.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
