{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2132481916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2676726.2676977","title":"Specification Inference Using Context-Free Language Reachability","display_name":"Specification Inference Using Context-Free Language Reachability","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2132481916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2676726.2676977","mag":"2132481916"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2676726.2676977","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2676726.2676977","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 42nd Annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029243071","display_name":"Osbert Bastani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-7566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Osbert Bastani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101014215","display_name":"Saswat Anand","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saswat Anand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087402475","display_name":"Alex Aiken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3723-9555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Aiken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029243071"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8882,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96909392,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"553","last_page":"566"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reachability","display_name":"Reachability","score":0.872248649597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8610590696334839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.6010425686836243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5868718028068542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.537372350692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.48313137888908386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audit","display_name":"Audit","score":0.4199331998825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2745317816734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24149444699287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.15651991963386536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136643341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361526","display_name":"Reachability","level":2,"score":0.872248649597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8610590696334839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.6010425686836243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5868718028068542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.537372350692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.48313137888908386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.4199331998825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2745317816734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24149444699287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.15651991963386536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2676726.2676977","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2676726.2676977","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 42nd Annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.717.1610","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.717.1610","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.stanford.edu/%7Esaswat/research/popl15.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.734.4204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.734.4204","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://theory.stanford.edu/%7Eaiken/publications/papers/popl15.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5796669804","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-12-2-0020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","funder_display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109951691","https://openalex.org/W206636664","https://openalex.org/W1505465226","https://openalex.org/W1509382141","https://openalex.org/W1963971515","https://openalex.org/W1968027261","https://openalex.org/W1975638108","https://openalex.org/W2064982280","https://openalex.org/W2074644416","https://openalex.org/W2080573945","https://openalex.org/W2080696000","https://openalex.org/W2082000355","https://openalex.org/W2093080079","https://openalex.org/W2099963114","https://openalex.org/W2110833886","https://openalex.org/W2113709047","https://openalex.org/W2116973066","https://openalex.org/W2119467398","https://openalex.org/W2122751766","https://openalex.org/W2123401325","https://openalex.org/W2125357166","https://openalex.org/W2126775986","https://openalex.org/W2131954495","https://openalex.org/W2133497528","https://openalex.org/W2133662847","https://openalex.org/W2135565307","https://openalex.org/W2139668965","https://openalex.org/W2152225177","https://openalex.org/W2153542583","https://openalex.org/W2158600037","https://openalex.org/W2158765820","https://openalex.org/W2166743230","https://openalex.org/W2181712945","https://openalex.org/W2295399529","https://openalex.org/W2350778671","https://openalex.org/W4230086982","https://openalex.org/W4243644740","https://openalex.org/W4250359162","https://openalex.org/W4299301436","https://openalex.org/W4300810260","https://openalex.org/W4300854084","https://openalex.org/W6634469269"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136512912","https://openalex.org/W2127267268","https://openalex.org/W2156446763","https://openalex.org/W2067910792","https://openalex.org/W2150194458","https://openalex.org/W2143461633","https://openalex.org/W2889071233","https://openalex.org/W4321471459","https://openalex.org/W4221156924","https://openalex.org/W2884574904"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,45],"present":[1],"a":[2,31,40,51,79,85],"framework":[3,18,49],"for":[4,22,29,43,50,61],"computing":[5],"context-free":[6],"language":[7],"reachability":[8],"properties":[9],"when":[10],"parts":[11],"of":[12,33,54,82],"the":[13],"program":[14,24],"are":[15,27],"missing.":[16],"Our":[17],"infers":[19],"candidate":[20],"specifications":[21,38,60],"missing":[23],"pieces":[25],"that":[26,57],"needed":[28],"verifying":[30],"property":[32],"interest,":[34],"and":[35],"presents":[36],"these":[37],"to":[39,84],"human":[41,86],"auditor":[42],"validation.":[44],"have":[46],"implemented":[47],"this":[48],"taint":[52],"analysis":[53],"Android":[55,62],"apps":[56],"relies":[58],"on":[59,70],"library":[63],"methods.":[64],"In":[65],"an":[66],"extensive":[67],"experimental":[68],"study":[69],"179":[71],"apps,":[72],"our":[73],"tool":[74],"performs":[75],"verification":[76],"with":[77],"only":[78],"small":[80],"number":[81],"queries":[83],"auditor.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
