{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1992596678","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2676723.2677222","title":"Expression of Abstraction","display_name":"Expression of Abstraction","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1992596678","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2676723.2677222","mag":"1992596678"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2676723.2677222","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2676723.2677222","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 46th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070918300","display_name":"Leigh Ann DeLyser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9556-6888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leigh Ann Sudol-DeLyser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070918300"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.70593161,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79433473,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"272","last_page":"277"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.8057643175125122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7707368731498718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.6471608877182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.6344648003578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statement","display_name":"Statement (logic)","score":0.6229347586631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4607982933521271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.4558710753917694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.43623781204223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction-layer","display_name":"Abstraction layer","score":0.4216011166572571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.4209189713001251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2585906386375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.1801082193851471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.16629531979560852}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.8057643175125122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7707368731498718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.6471608877182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.6344648003578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777026412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684591","display_name":"Statement (logic)","level":2,"score":0.6229347586631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4607982933521271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4558710753917694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.43623781204223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147358964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200992","display_name":"Abstraction layer","level":3,"score":0.4216011166572571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4209189713001251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2585906386375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.1801082193851471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.16629531979560852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2676723.2677222","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2676723.2677222","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 46th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310207","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332210","display_name":"Institute of Education Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04et59085"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493132574","https://openalex.org/W1594737854","https://openalex.org/W1761828760","https://openalex.org/W1969288146","https://openalex.org/W1990863537","https://openalex.org/W1996945025","https://openalex.org/W2012560454","https://openalex.org/W2016301867","https://openalex.org/W2023195463","https://openalex.org/W2029974693","https://openalex.org/W2036177604","https://openalex.org/W2041103998","https://openalex.org/W2048923076","https://openalex.org/W2124868162","https://openalex.org/W2143417137","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2165365113","https://openalex.org/W2519428223","https://openalex.org/W4231748357","https://openalex.org/W4239816899","https://openalex.org/W4251415961"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W246815506","https://openalex.org/W2346891937","https://openalex.org/W1984744919","https://openalex.org/W2132930690","https://openalex.org/W2770599040","https://openalex.org/W1901380330","https://openalex.org/W2075164989","https://openalex.org/W2901324294","https://openalex.org/W4248324254","https://openalex.org/W3009812692"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Novices":[0],"struggle":[1],"with":[2,28,83,109,119],"the":[3,24,67,73,78,100,127,132,135],"implementation":[4],"of":[5,21,69,77,96,137],"algorithms":[6,14,33,56],"in":[7,15,23,34,57,72],"code.":[8,35,141],"Assessments":[9],"asking":[10],"students":[11,43,82],"to":[12,31,46,92],"describe":[13],"code":[16,52,88,101],"have":[17,26],"shown":[18],"that":[19,81],"use":[20,93],"abstractions":[22],"descriptions":[25],"correlated":[27],"students'":[29],"ability":[30],"produce":[32],"In":[36],"this":[37],"study,":[38],"24":[39],"introductory":[40],"computer":[41],"science":[42],"were":[44,63,89,103],"asked":[45],"think":[47],"out":[48],"loud":[49],"while":[50],"writing":[51,87,140],"involving":[53],"simple":[54],"array":[55],"an":[58],"online":[59],"system.":[60],"Student":[61],"statements":[62,79],"classified":[64],"based":[65],"on":[66],"level":[68],"abstraction":[70,97],"used":[71],"statement.":[74],"An":[75],"analysis":[76],"revealed":[80],"greater":[84],"proficiency":[85],"at":[86],"more":[90],"likely":[91],"multiple":[94],"levels":[95,108],"when":[98],"describing":[99],"they":[102],"writing,":[104],"and":[105,123,139],"moved":[106],"between":[107,134],"higher":[110],"frequency":[111],"than":[112],"less":[113],"proficient":[114],"students.":[115],"The":[116],"results":[117],"align":[118],"self":[120],"explanation":[121],"research":[122],"provide":[124],"insight":[125],"into":[126],"cognitive":[128],"mechanisms":[129],"responsible":[130],"for":[131],"transfer":[133],"skills":[136],"reading":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}