{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2094485533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2675133.2675214","title":"Flock","display_name":"Flock","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2094485533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2675133.2675214","mag":"2094485533"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2675133.2675214","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2675133.2675214","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021261847","display_name":"Justin Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6334-2516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1743320","display_name":"Palo Alto University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f812k67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1743320"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Justin Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA","Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1743320","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1743320","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076189854","display_name":"Michael S. Bernstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8020-9434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1743320","display_name":"Palo Alto University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f812k67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1743320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael S. Bernstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA","Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1743320","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1743320","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021261847"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1743320","https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.9321,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":116,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98810468,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"600","last_page":"611"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7987740635871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.7910308241844177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7656630277633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4964337944984436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4797883629798889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deception","display_name":"Deception","score":0.4615810513496399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7987740635871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.7910308241844177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7656630277633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4964337944984436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4797883629798889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779267917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170028","display_name":"Deception","level":2,"score":0.4615810513496399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2675133.2675214","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2675133.2675214","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48884151","https://openalex.org/W625366025","https://openalex.org/W1970381522","https://openalex.org/W1994734668","https://openalex.org/W2003238113","https://openalex.org/W2009681737","https://openalex.org/W2009976595","https://openalex.org/W2027953712","https://openalex.org/W2033238950","https://openalex.org/W2039336675","https://openalex.org/W2046411892","https://openalex.org/W2055733113","https://openalex.org/W2067329295","https://openalex.org/W2084435358","https://openalex.org/W2088664555","https://openalex.org/W2089703868","https://openalex.org/W2091759811","https://openalex.org/W2096848877","https://openalex.org/W2101620066","https://openalex.org/W2103490241","https://openalex.org/W2108816886","https://openalex.org/W2109378394","https://openalex.org/W2117601224","https://openalex.org/W2120396827","https://openalex.org/W2124332348","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2124994029","https://openalex.org/W2125943921","https://openalex.org/W2127058057","https://openalex.org/W2128195326","https://openalex.org/W2133990480","https://openalex.org/W2134305421","https://openalex.org/W2134406267","https://openalex.org/W2142518823","https://openalex.org/W2144764286","https://openalex.org/W2161283199","https://openalex.org/W2161336914","https://openalex.org/W2165254944","https://openalex.org/W2166707079","https://openalex.org/W2167913131","https://openalex.org/W2184059664","https://openalex.org/W2187291759","https://openalex.org/W2197945395","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2616116639","https://openalex.org/W4247762899"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4313488044","https://openalex.org/W3209574120","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4210805261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"hybrid":[2,47,178],"crowd-machine":[3],"learning":[4,16,35,54,81,172],"classifiers:":[5],"classification":[6],"models":[7,38,55],"that":[8,39,56,155,180,190],"start":[9],"with":[10],"a":[11,15,166],"written":[12],"description":[13],"of":[14,52,113,137],"goal,":[17],"use":[18,43,181,191],"the":[19,92,114,128,138,163],"crowd":[20,93,157,164],"to":[21,36,94,126,150],"suggest":[22],"predictive":[23],"features":[24,32,119,158,173,186],"and":[25,28,42,63,66,131,169,184],"label":[26],"data,":[27],"then":[29],"weigh":[30],"these":[31],"using":[33],"machine":[34,53,80,171],"produce":[37],"are":[40,120],"accurate":[41],"human-understandable":[44],"features.":[45],"These":[46],"classifiers":[48],"enable":[49],"fast":[50],"prototyping":[51],"can":[57,107,187],"improve":[58,132],"on":[59,110,142],"both":[60,161,182],"algorithm":[61,133],"performance":[62,134],"human":[64],"judgment,":[65],"accomplish":[67],"tasks":[68],"where":[69,117],"automated":[70],"feature":[71],"extraction":[72],"is":[73],"not":[74,121],"yet":[75],"feasible.":[76],"Flock,":[77],"an":[78,98],"interactive":[79],"platform,":[82],"instantiates":[83],"this":[84],"approach.":[85],"To":[86],"generate":[87],"informative":[88],"features,":[89],"Flock":[90],"asks":[91],"compare":[95],"paired":[96],"examples,":[97],"approach":[99],"inspired":[100],"by":[101,174],"analogical":[102],"encoding.":[103],"The":[104],"crowd's":[105],"efforts":[106],"be":[108],"focused":[109],"specific":[111],"subsets":[112],"input":[115,129],"space":[116,130],"machine-extracted":[118,185],"predictive,":[122],"or":[123],"instead":[124],"used":[125],"partition":[127],"in":[135,193],"subregions":[136],"space.":[139],"An":[140],"evaluation":[141],"six":[143],"prediction":[144,168],"tasks,":[145],"ranging":[146],"from":[147],"detecting":[148],"deception":[149],"differentiating":[151],"impressionist":[152],"artists,":[153],"demonstrated":[154],"aggregating":[156],"improves":[159],"upon":[160],"asking":[162],"for":[165],"direct":[167],"off-the-shelf":[170],"over":[175],"10%.":[176],"Further,":[177],"systems":[179],"crowd-nominated":[183],"outperform":[188],"those":[189],"either":[192],"isolation.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}