{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020250252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2674061.2675027","title":"Model-free occupancy-based control of variable-air-volume terminal boxes","display_name":"Model-free occupancy-based control of variable-air-volume terminal boxes","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020250252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2674061.2675027","mag":"2020250252"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2674061.2675027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2674061.2675027","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st ACM Conference on Embedded Systems for Energy-Efficient Buildings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070968771","display_name":"G. Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA","Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101645156","display_name":"Yunlong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7806-0144"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA","Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037333525","display_name":"Shreya Goyal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3629-3701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Goyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA","Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058657825","display_name":"Michael R. Brambley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1739-673X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. R. Brambley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA","Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1479849,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"186","last_page":"187"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11954","display_name":"Energy Efficiency and Management","score":0.9490000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9355000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-air-volume","display_name":"Variable air volume","score":0.9448456764221191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermostat","display_name":"Thermostat","score":0.8939822912216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-conditioning","display_name":"Air conditioning","score":0.7677197456359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminal","display_name":"Terminal (telecommunication)","score":0.6393159031867981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy","display_name":"Occupancy","score":0.5979710817337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.5415868759155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5107283592224121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ashrae-90.1","display_name":"ASHRAE 90.1","score":0.4955662488937378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microprocessor","display_name":"Microprocessor","score":0.4757772982120514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/setpoint","display_name":"Setpoint","score":0.4675423502922058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4338282644748688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.42858511209487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airflow","display_name":"Airflow","score":0.4147624969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","score":0.4125777781009674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3612861931324005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.34906041622161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3123290538787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.28263047337532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27688032388687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1593589186668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.13664540648460388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-engineering","display_name":"Architectural engineering","score":0.11024987697601318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09969398379325867}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51176869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915706","display_name":"Variable air volume","level":3,"score":0.9448456764221191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187819001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187665","display_name":"Thermostat","level":2,"score":0.8939822912216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.7677197456359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779664074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518405","display_name":"Terminal (telecommunication)","level":2,"score":0.6393159031867981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.5979710817337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.5415868759155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5107283592224121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206145494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4654236","display_name":"ASHRAE 90.1","level":2,"score":0.4955662488937378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780728072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5297","display_name":"Microprocessor","level":2,"score":0.4757772982120514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12302492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752097","display_name":"Setpoint","level":2,"score":0.4675423502922058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4338282644748688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.42858511209487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116067010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4698686","display_name":"Airflow","level":2,"score":0.4147624969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4125777781009674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3612861931324005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.34906041622161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3123290538787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.28263047337532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27688032388687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1593589186668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13664540648460388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.11024987697601318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09969398379325867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2674061.2675027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2674061.2675027","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st ACM Conference on Embedded Systems for Energy-Efficient Buildings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308668","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973509551","https://openalex.org/W2021904612","https://openalex.org/W2163239971","https://openalex.org/W2502602770"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2183259099","https://openalex.org/W4285822553","https://openalex.org/W2952490676","https://openalex.org/W4385408633","https://openalex.org/W4388320601","https://openalex.org/W3156939583","https://openalex.org/W2783252920","https://openalex.org/W4388942592","https://openalex.org/W2063512148","https://openalex.org/W200479544"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"demo":[2],"abstract,":[3],"we":[4],"describe":[5],"an":[6],"occupancy-based":[7],"control":[8,47],"(OBC)":[9],"system":[10,39,92,95,101,147],"under":[11],"development":[12],"that":[13,121,140],"has":[14],"potential":[15],"to":[16,46],"save":[17],"18%":[18],"of":[19,44,127,144],"the":[20,41,48,52,66,74,88,134,142,145],"energy":[21,90],"use":[22],"on":[23,73,87,113],"average":[24],"in":[25,77],"office":[26],"buildings":[27],"having":[28],"single-duct":[29],"variable-air-volume":[30],"(VAV)":[31],"heating,":[32],"ventilating":[33],"and":[34,94,109,116,137,148],"air-conditioning":[35],"systems.":[36,80],"The":[37,81],"OBC":[38,110,146],"uses":[40],"measured":[42],"number":[43],"occupants":[45],"airflow":[49],"rate":[50],"through":[51],"VAV":[53,79],"box":[54,107],"during":[55],"times":[56],"when":[57],"no":[58],"heating":[59],"or":[60],"cooling":[61],"is":[62],"called":[63],"for":[64],"by":[65],"zone":[67],"thermostat.":[68],"It":[69],"can":[70],"be":[71],"retrofit":[72],"terminal":[75,104,106],"boxes":[76],"existing":[78],"demonstration":[82],"will":[83,122,132],"provide:":[84],"1)":[85],"background":[86],"concept,":[89],"benefits,":[91],"structure,":[93],"components,":[96],"2)":[97],"a":[98,114,118,128],"working":[99],"bench-top":[100,135],"with":[102],"actual":[103],"box,":[105],"controller,":[108],"software":[111],"running":[112],"microprocessor,":[115],"3)":[117],"computer-based":[119],"dashboard":[120],"graphically":[123],"display":[124],"occupancy":[125],"changes":[126],"virtual":[129],"room,":[130],"which":[131],"drive":[133],"system,":[136],"key":[138],"variables":[139],"show":[141],"behavior":[143],"its":[149],"impacts.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}