{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142576401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2671188.2749365","title":"Multi-Label Active Learning with Chi-Square Statistics for Image Classification","display_name":"Multi-Label Active Learning with Chi-Square Statistics for Image Classification","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142576401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2671188.2749365","mag":"2142576401"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2671188.2749365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2671188.2749365","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th ACM on International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112379210","display_name":"Chen Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8332-6211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chen Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soochow University, Suzhou, China","Soochow University, Suzhou, CHINA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soochow University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soochow University, Suzhou, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101774308","display_name":"Jian Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8759-7107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soochow University, Suzhou, China","Soochow University, Suzhou, CHINA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soochow University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soochow University, Suzhou, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051706630","display_name":"Victor S. Sheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4960-174X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152127","display_name":"Conway School of Landscape Design","ror":"https://ror.org/04q7y8a54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32038505","display_name":"University of Central Arkansas","ror":"https://ror.org/029bp0k25","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32038505"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor S. Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, USA","University of Central Arkansas; Conway; AR; USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32038505","https://openalex.org/I4210152127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Central Arkansas; Conway; AR; USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32038505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109329123","display_name":"Shiquan Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiquan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soochow University, Suzhou, China","Soochow University, Suzhou, CHINA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soochow University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soochow University, Suzhou, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101507570","display_name":"Pengpeng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3099-4523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengpeng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soochow University, Suzhou, China","Soochow University, Suzhou, CHINA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soochow University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soochow University, Suzhou, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100602190","display_name":"Zhiming Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2960-2051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiming Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soochow University, Suzhou, China","Soochow University, Suzhou, CHINA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soochow University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soochow University, Suzhou, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112379210"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5887,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91522432,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"583","last_page":"586"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-label-classification","display_name":"Multi-label classification","score":0.6962950229644775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6750815510749817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6332753896713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5737938284873962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.551758885383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5499718189239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.541985809803009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-learning","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","score":0.47505900263786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.44633305072784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24984368681907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.23409461975097656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776482837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3553958","display_name":"Multi-label classification","level":2,"score":0.6962950229644775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6750815510749817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6332753896713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5737938284873962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.551758885383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5499718189239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.541985809803009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.47505900263786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.44633305072784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24984368681907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.23409461975097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2671188.2749365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2671188.2749365","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th ACM on International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2348983832","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BC2013124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","funder_display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4936265284","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13KJB520021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323136","funder_display_name":"Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Education Department"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7760695717","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61170020, 61402311, 61440053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8833722295","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1115417","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323136","display_name":"Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Education Department","ror":"https://ror.org/059md9404"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W167321734","https://openalex.org/W1504412414","https://openalex.org/W1964017540","https://openalex.org/W1977612207","https://openalex.org/W2096715676","https://openalex.org/W2098742124","https://openalex.org/W2124244761","https://openalex.org/W2137107481","https://openalex.org/W2139821863","https://openalex.org/W2159401492","https://openalex.org/W6606838427","https://openalex.org/W6641289516","https://openalex.org/W6674401145","https://openalex.org/W6680483772","https://openalex.org/W6756615331","https://openalex.org/W7026658942"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2039871688","https://openalex.org/W2883491016","https://openalex.org/W4205999209","https://openalex.org/W2005234362","https://openalex.org/W167321734","https://openalex.org/W2162970382","https://openalex.org/W1997235926","https://openalex.org/W2735080633","https://openalex.org/W1998660429","https://openalex.org/W4387801808"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Active":[0],"learning":[1,18,47,119],"is":[2],"to":[3,9,31,54,99,103],"select":[4,100],"the":[5,72,85,116,127,132],"most":[6],"informative":[7],"examples":[8],"request":[10,104],"their":[11],"labels.":[12,59,105],"Most":[13],"previous":[14],"studies":[15],"in":[16],"active":[17,46,118],"for":[19,35,88,121],"multi-label":[20,45,122],"classification":[21],"didn't":[22],"pay":[23],"enough":[24],"attention":[25],"on":[26],"label":[27,78,86,97],"correlations.":[28],"This":[29],"leads":[30],"a":[32,42,76,135],"bad":[33],"performance":[34,133],"classification.":[36,123],"In":[37],"this":[38],"paper,":[39],"we":[40],"proposed":[41,112],"chi-square":[43,52],"statistics":[44,53],"(CSMAL)":[48],"algorithm,":[49],"which":[50],"uses":[51,71],"accurately":[55],"evaluate":[56],"correlations":[57],"between":[58,75],"CSMAL":[60,92,114],"considers":[61],"not":[62],"only":[63],"positive":[64],"relationships":[65],"but":[66],"also":[67],"negative":[68],"ones.":[69],"It":[70,124],"average":[73],"correlation":[74],"potential":[77],"and":[79,96,130],"its":[80],"rest":[81],"unlabeled":[82],"labels":[83],"as":[84],"information":[87,98],"each":[89],"sample-label":[90],"pair.":[91],"further":[93],"integrates":[94],"uncertainty":[95],"example-label":[101],"pairs":[102],"Our":[106],"empirical":[107],"results":[108],"demonstrate":[109],"that":[110],"our":[111],"method":[113],"outperforms":[115],"state-of-the-art":[117],"methods":[120],"significantly":[125],"reduces":[126],"labeling":[128],"workloads":[129],"improves":[131],"of":[134],"classifier":[136],"built.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
