{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1966811560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2669557.2669561","title":"Repeated measures design in crowdsourcing-based experiments for visualization","display_name":"Repeated measures design in crowdsourcing-based experiments for visualization","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1966811560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2669557.2669561","mag":"1966811560"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2669557.2669561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2669557.2669561","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods for Visualization","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028328053","display_name":"Alfie Abdul\u2010Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6257-876X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alfie Abdul-Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040573722","display_name":"Karl Proctor","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl J. Proctor","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024547678","display_name":"B. R. Duffy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2687-7938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Duffy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100337178","display_name":"Min Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5320-5729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028328053"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3537,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.854745,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"95","last_page":"102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9251999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.9704527854919434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confounding","display_name":"Confounding","score":0.6710915565490723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.6647384166717529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6437047123908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.6354455947875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5908889174461365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.5867189168930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.508768618106842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeated-measures-design","display_name":"Repeated measures design","score":0.4590858519077301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4545731246471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variables","display_name":"Variables","score":0.4147148132324219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38665398955345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.340715229511261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.33686983585357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.22198882699012756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15100723505020142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.13645493984222412}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.9704527854919434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.6710915565490723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6647384166717529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6437047123908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.6354455947875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5908889174461365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5867189168930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.508768618106842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102959455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7313954","display_name":"Repeated measures design","level":2,"score":0.4590858519077301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4545731246471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27574286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723","display_name":"Variables","level":2,"score":0.4147148132324219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38665398955345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.340715229511261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.33686983585357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.22198882699012756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15100723505020142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.13645493984222412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2669557.2669561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2669557.2669561","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods for Visualization","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W184917507","https://openalex.org/W1510952554","https://openalex.org/W1594682487","https://openalex.org/W1965418287","https://openalex.org/W1971781829","https://openalex.org/W1988061708","https://openalex.org/W1988660784","https://openalex.org/W1989314580","https://openalex.org/W1990352756","https://openalex.org/W2030811007","https://openalex.org/W2031331868","https://openalex.org/W2035955531","https://openalex.org/W2097173901","https://openalex.org/W2104749423","https://openalex.org/W2106568252","https://openalex.org/W2114269021","https://openalex.org/W2116705992","https://openalex.org/W2117470435","https://openalex.org/W2129117379","https://openalex.org/W2129249565","https://openalex.org/W2135799691","https://openalex.org/W2137725097","https://openalex.org/W2143539737","https://openalex.org/W2143969840","https://openalex.org/W2151401338","https://openalex.org/W2168629730","https://openalex.org/W2249595199","https://openalex.org/W3110355109","https://openalex.org/W3121522380","https://openalex.org/W3123895079","https://openalex.org/W3124258878","https://openalex.org/W4302030600"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3032998312","https://openalex.org/W4384486036","https://openalex.org/W135177976","https://openalex.org/W1503094549","https://openalex.org/W2337920774","https://openalex.org/W2886410948","https://openalex.org/W2025875869","https://openalex.org/W4318823662","https://openalex.org/W3207526114","https://openalex.org/W4286908577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Crowdsourcing":[0],"platforms,":[1],"such":[2,21],"as":[3],"Amazon's":[4],"Mechanical":[5],"Turk":[6],"(MTurk),":[7],"are":[8,159],"providing":[9],"visualization":[10],"researchers":[11],"with":[12,70,113,150],"a":[13,71,77,90,103,125,176],"new":[14],"avenue":[15],"for":[16,116,139],"conducting":[17],"empirical":[18,62,137],"studies.":[19],"While":[20],"platforms":[22],"offer":[23],"several":[24],"advantages":[25],"over":[26],"lab-based":[27],"studies,":[28],"they":[29],"also":[30],"feature":[31],"some":[32],"\"unknown\"":[33,196],"or":[34,197],"\"uncontrolled\"":[35,198],"variables,":[36],"which":[37],"could":[38],"potentially":[39],"introduce":[40],"serious":[41],"confounding":[42,193],"effects":[43,194],"in":[44,60,89,156,200],"the":[45,107,143,185,191,201,204],"resultant":[46],"measurement":[47],"data.":[48],"In":[49,162],"this":[50],"paper,":[51],"we":[52],"present":[53],"our":[54],"experience":[55],"of":[56,73,79,106,145,195,203],"using":[57,64],"repeated":[58,126],"measures":[59,127],"three":[61],"studies":[63,138],"MTurk.":[65],"Each":[66],"study":[67],"presented":[68],"participants":[69,108,146],"set":[72],"stimuli,":[74],"each":[75,120],"featuring":[76],"condition":[78],"an":[80,157],"independent":[81],"variable.":[82],"Participants":[83],"were":[84,99,109],"exposed":[85],"to":[86,111,165,187],"stimuli":[87,118,155],"repeatedly":[88],"pseudo-random":[91],"order":[92],"through":[93],"four":[94],"trials":[95],"and":[96,189],"their":[97,148],"responses":[98],"measured":[100],"digitally.":[101],"Only":[102],"small":[104],"portion":[105],"able":[110],"perform":[112],"absolute":[114],"consistency":[115,152],"all":[117,154],"throughout":[119],"experiment.":[121,205],"This":[122,171],"suggests":[123,172],"that":[124,173,181],"design":[128,202],"is":[129],"highly":[130],"desirable":[131],"(if":[132],"not":[133],"essential)":[134],"when":[135,153],"designing":[136],"crowdsourcing":[140,174],"platforms.":[141],"Additionally,":[142],"majority":[144],"performed":[147],"tasks":[149],"reasonable":[151],"experiment":[158],"considered":[160],"collectively.":[161],"other":[163],"words,":[164],"most":[166],"participants,":[167],"inconsistency":[168],"occurred":[169],"occasionally.":[170],"remains":[175],"valid":[177],"experimental":[178],"environment,":[179],"provided":[180],"one":[182],"can":[183],"integrate":[184],"means":[186],"observe":[188],"alleviate":[190],"potential":[192],"variables":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}