{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2094175593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2666581.2666594","title":"An empirical study of BM25 and BM25F based feature location techniques","display_name":"An empirical study of BM25 and BM25F based feature location techniques","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2094175593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2666581.2666594","mag":"2094175593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2666581.2666594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2666581.2666594","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Innovative Software Development Methodologies and Practices","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060003909","display_name":"Zhendong Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-4982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhendong Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University, China / City University of Hong Kong, China","Xi'an Jiaotong University, China / City University of Hong Kong, China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University, China / City University of Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708","https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University, China / City University of Hong Kong, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051403641","display_name":"Jacky Keung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3803-9600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacky Keung","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, China","City University of Hong Kong; China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong; China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101514255","display_name":"Xiaoyan Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4907-0566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinbao Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060003909"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708","https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1556,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92991247,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"106","last_page":"114"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8080330491065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-dirichlet-allocation","display_name":"Latent Dirichlet allocation","score":0.7695774435997009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.7125885486602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-comprehension","display_name":"Program comprehension","score":0.6258559823036194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5677643418312073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.5360240340232849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5199295878410339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.5191208720207214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-model","display_name":"Feature model","score":0.47966650128364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-space-model","display_name":"Vector space model","score":0.46654367446899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4499174952507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.43603450059890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4255322813987732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.37326568365097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.3180024325847626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topic-model","display_name":"Topic model","score":0.3164086639881134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10489648580551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08619675040245056}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8080330491065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500882744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269236","display_name":"Latent Dirichlet allocation","level":3,"score":0.7695774435997009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7125885486602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777561058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2652119","display_name":"Program comprehension","level":4,"score":0.6258559823036194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5677643418312073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.5360240340232849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5199295878410339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.5191208720207214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101814296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5439685","display_name":"Feature model","level":3,"score":0.47966650128364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89686163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187982","display_name":"Vector space model","level":2,"score":0.46654367446899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4499174952507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.43603450059890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4255322813987732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.37326568365097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.3180024325847626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171686336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3532085","display_name":"Topic model","level":2,"score":0.3164086639881134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10489648580551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08619675040245056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2666581.2666594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2666581.2666594","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Innovative Software Development Methodologies and Practices","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1332481235","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"7200354, 7003032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309893","funder_display_name":"City University of Hong Kong"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309893","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322170","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W131411689","https://openalex.org/W1512360405","https://openalex.org/W1539495021","https://openalex.org/W1597533204","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W1935937925","https://openalex.org/W1968882522","https://openalex.org/W1973396373","https://openalex.org/W1979991500","https://openalex.org/W1985947101","https://openalex.org/W1992055950","https://openalex.org/W2001082470","https://openalex.org/W2004258507","https://openalex.org/W2009977560","https://openalex.org/W2018663431","https://openalex.org/W2040577374","https://openalex.org/W2072384494","https://openalex.org/W2085597081","https://openalex.org/W2089759055","https://openalex.org/W2098162425","https://openalex.org/W2106891122","https://openalex.org/W2109915313","https://openalex.org/W2110220994","https://openalex.org/W2115941721","https://openalex.org/W2116737258","https://openalex.org/W2129476175","https://openalex.org/W2135541598","https://openalex.org/W2139543149","https://openalex.org/W2142898993","https://openalex.org/W2147152072","https://openalex.org/W2147296306","https://openalex.org/W2148170932","https://openalex.org/W2165862892","https://openalex.org/W2225450249","https://openalex.org/W2545107993","https://openalex.org/W2887107689","https://openalex.org/W4213009331","https://openalex.org/W6639619044"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312773271","https://openalex.org/W4315588616","https://openalex.org/W2769501189","https://openalex.org/W2888805565","https://openalex.org/W2962686197","https://openalex.org/W2207653751","https://openalex.org/W3159709618","https://openalex.org/W2611137333","https://openalex.org/W3005513013","https://openalex.org/W4389543811"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Feature":[0],"location":[1,19,103],"is":[2,20],"a":[3,21,78,90],"software":[4,35,161],"comprehension":[5],"activity":[6],"which":[7,58,85],"aims":[8],"at":[9],"identifying":[10],"source":[11,135],"code":[12],"entities":[13,31,57],"that":[14,140],"implement":[15],"functionalities.":[16],"Manual":[17],"feature":[18,83,102],"labor-insensitive":[22],"task,":[23],"and":[24,42,74,108,127,142,155],"developers":[25,54],"need":[26],"to":[27,52,62,76,95,118],"find":[28,77],"the":[29,56,63,115,119,158],"target":[30],"from":[32],"thousands":[33],"of":[34,92],"artifacts.":[36],"Recent":[37],"research":[38],"has":[39],"developed":[40],"automatic":[41],"semiautomatic":[43],"methods":[44,73,94,150],"mainly":[45],"based":[46,105],"on":[47,70,106,132,157],"Information":[48],"Retrieval":[49],"(IR)":[50],"techniques":[51],"help":[53],"locate":[55],"are":[59,144],"textually":[60],"similar":[61],"feature.":[64],"In":[65],"this":[66],"paper,":[67],"we":[68],"focus":[69],"individual":[71],"IR-based":[72],"try":[75],"suitable":[79],"IR":[80,149],"technique":[81],"for":[82],"location,":[84],"could":[86],"be":[87],"chosen":[88],"as":[89,152],"part":[91],"hybrid":[93],"achieve":[96],"good":[97],"performance.":[98],"We":[99,113],"present":[100],"two":[101,116],"approaches":[104],"BM25":[107,141],"its":[109],"variant":[110],"BM25F":[111,143],"algorithm.":[112],"compared":[114],"algorithms":[117],"Vector":[120],"Space":[121],"Model":[122,125],"(VSM),":[123],"Unigram":[124],"(UM),":[126],"Latent":[128],"Dirichlet":[129],"Allocation":[130],"(LDA)":[131],"four":[133,159],"open":[134],"projects.":[136],"The":[137],"result":[138],"shows":[139],"consistently":[145],"better":[146],"than":[147],"other":[148],"such":[151],"VSM,":[153],"UM":[154],"LDA":[156],"selected":[160],"systems":[162],"in":[163],"their":[164],"best":[165],"configurations":[166],"respectively.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
