{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010259002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2661829.2661948","title":"A Retrievability Analysis","display_name":"A Retrievability Analysis","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010259002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2661829.2661948","mag":"2010259002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2661829.2661948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2661829.2661948","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109251427","display_name":"Colin Wilkie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Colin Wilkie","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland Uk","University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland Uk#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland Uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland Uk#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048218964","display_name":"Leif Azzopardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6900-0557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leif Azzopardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland Uk","University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland Uk#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland Uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland Uk#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109251427"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5834,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96280942,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"81","last_page":"90"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retrievability","display_name":"Retrievability","score":0.967815101146698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.773643970489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.709848165512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7014750838279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5080657005310059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-space-model","display_name":"Vector space model","score":0.44432270526885986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/document-retrieval","display_name":"Document retrieval","score":0.43323269486427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.2854241132736206}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191072391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17043235","display_name":"Retrievability","level":3,"score":0.967815101146698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.773643970489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.709848165512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7014750838279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5080657005310059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89686163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187982","display_name":"Vector space model","level":2,"score":0.44432270526885986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161156560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1638872","display_name":"Document retrieval","level":2,"score":0.43323269486427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2854241132736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2661829.2661948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2661829.2661948","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:112736","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/19281.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2992775406","display_name":"Models and Measures of Findability","funder_award_id":"EP/K000330/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G581067875","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/K000330/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6734871627","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IAA Agreement/66375","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28130898","https://openalex.org/W106672688","https://openalex.org/W107789802","https://openalex.org/W188487579","https://openalex.org/W1482839591","https://openalex.org/W1505539175","https://openalex.org/W1659541576","https://openalex.org/W1984208669","https://openalex.org/W2000569744","https://openalex.org/W2011548984","https://openalex.org/W2013344554","https://openalex.org/W2022995284","https://openalex.org/W2024150022","https://openalex.org/W2029009258","https://openalex.org/W2034977219","https://openalex.org/W2039321015","https://openalex.org/W2047491155","https://openalex.org/W2069870183","https://openalex.org/W2070161419","https://openalex.org/W2085030399","https://openalex.org/W2105157020","https://openalex.org/W2106404250","https://openalex.org/W2107329943","https://openalex.org/W2109244020","https://openalex.org/W2111098445","https://openalex.org/W2111212948","https://openalex.org/W2119012894","https://openalex.org/W2126281141","https://openalex.org/W2132822764","https://openalex.org/W2136542423","https://openalex.org/W2149768609","https://openalex.org/W2168979393","https://openalex.org/W2181863784","https://openalex.org/W4234200495","https://openalex.org/W4240913316"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3028990185","https://openalex.org/W1869615134","https://openalex.org/W2034977219","https://openalex.org/W2154282042","https://openalex.org/W2114279702","https://openalex.org/W2605567246","https://openalex.org/W3114320778","https://openalex.org/W3200612347","https://openalex.org/W1579794579","https://openalex.org/W2462299551"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Retrievability":[0,20],"provides":[1],"an":[2,7],"alternative":[3],"way":[4],"to":[5,25,51,66,94,208,227],"assess":[6],"Information":[8],"Retrieval":[9],"(IR)":[10],"system":[11,33],"by":[12],"measuring":[13],"how":[14],"easily":[15],"documents":[16],"can":[17,21,218],"be":[18,23,220],"retrieved.":[19],"also":[22],"used":[24],"determine":[26],"the":[27,46,79,88,112,136,157,203],"level":[28],"of":[29,38,82],"retrieval":[30,47,70,85,115,118,124,160,182,223],"bias":[31,48,116,161,183,188,205],"a":[32,36,83,96,107],"exerts":[34],"upon":[35],"collection":[37],"documents.":[39],"It":[40],"has":[41,57],"been":[42,58],"hypothesised":[43],"that":[44,60,173,195,213],"reducing":[45],"will":[49],"lead":[50],"improved":[52],"performance.":[53],"To":[54],"date,":[55],"it":[56],"shown":[59],"this":[61,103],"hypothesis":[62,206],"does":[63],"not":[64],"appear":[65],"hold":[67],"on":[68],"standard":[69],"performance":[71,119,133,163,185,190],"measures":[72,134,150,202],"(MAP":[73],"and":[74,92,100,117,131,144,162,169,177,184],"[email":[75,152],"protected])":[76],"when":[77],"exploring":[78],"parameter":[80],"space":[81],"given":[84],"model.":[86],"However,":[87,166],"evidence":[89],"is":[90,164,175,212],"limited":[91],"confined":[93],"only":[95],"few":[97],"models,":[98,125],"collections":[99,130],"measures.":[101],"In":[102],"paper,":[104],"we":[105,171],"perform":[106],"comprehensive":[108],"empirical":[109],"evaluation":[110],"analysing":[111],"relationship":[113],"between":[114,159,181],"using":[120,222],"several":[121],"well":[122],"known":[123],"five":[126],"large":[127],"TREC":[128],"test":[129],"ten":[132],"(including":[135],"recently":[137],"proposed":[138],"PRES,":[139],"Time":[140],"Biased":[141],"Gain":[142],"(TBG)":[143],"U-Measure).":[145],"For":[146],"traditional":[147],"relevance":[148,228],"based":[149],"(MAP,":[151],"protected],":[153],"MRR,":[154],"Recall,":[155],"etc)":[156],"correlation":[158],"moderate.":[165],"for":[167,196,214],"TBG":[168],"U-Measure,":[170],"find":[172],"there":[174],"strong":[176],"significant":[178],"negative":[179],"correlations":[180],"(i.e":[186],"as":[187],"drops,":[189],"increases).":[191],"These":[192],"findings":[193],"suggest":[194],"these":[197,215],"more":[198],"sophisticated,":[199],"user":[200],"oriented":[201],"retrievability":[204],"tends":[207],"hold.":[209],"The":[210],"implication":[211],"measures,":[216],"systems":[217],"then":[219],"tuned":[221],"bias,":[224],"without":[225],"recourse":[226],"judgements.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}