{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2022871093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2661829.2661894","title":"A Comparison of Retrieval Models using Term Dependencies","display_name":"A Comparison of Retrieval Models using Term Dependencies","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2022871093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2661829.2661894","mag":"2022871093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2661829.2661894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2661829.2661894","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075934267","display_name":"Samuel Huston","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Huston","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","University Of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105659698","display_name":"W. Bruce Croft","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2391-9629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Bruce Croft","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","University Of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"111","last_page":"120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","score":0.8221210837364197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8065800666809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.7024561166763306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.6026374101638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5203723311424255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.495463490486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term-discrimination","display_name":"Term Discrimination","score":0.4374712109565735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33422285318374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.18829774856567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-query","display_name":"Web search query","score":0.09653645753860474}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.8221210837364197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8065800666809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.7024561166763306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6026374101638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5203723311424255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.495463490486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22639730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7702546","display_name":"Term Discrimination","level":5,"score":0.4374712109565735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33422285318374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.18829774856567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.09653645753860474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182861755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158391","display_name":"Concept search","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2661829.2661894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2661829.2661894","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.646.9974","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.646.9974","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://maroo.cs.umass.edu/pub/web/getpdf.php?id=1115","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5231231507","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-0934322","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdzmk74"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597602895","https://openalex.org/W1685426458","https://openalex.org/W1760082936","https://openalex.org/W1963892029","https://openalex.org/W1980515494","https://openalex.org/W1985471546","https://openalex.org/W1990190154","https://openalex.org/W2006996936","https://openalex.org/W2014415866","https://openalex.org/W2015518873","https://openalex.org/W2025356973","https://openalex.org/W2038576084","https://openalex.org/W2039697429","https://openalex.org/W2041666597","https://openalex.org/W2043909051","https://openalex.org/W2046902062","https://openalex.org/W2069618935","https://openalex.org/W2070507812","https://openalex.org/W2070740689","https://openalex.org/W2093390569","https://openalex.org/W2100902248","https://openalex.org/W2104807347","https://openalex.org/W2105157020","https://openalex.org/W2117424365","https://openalex.org/W2119119231","https://openalex.org/W2136583886","https://openalex.org/W2141335422","https://openalex.org/W2148212498","https://openalex.org/W2160260049","https://openalex.org/W2160825952","https://openalex.org/W2162432120","https://openalex.org/W2165718308","https://openalex.org/W2170741935","https://openalex.org/W4206765718","https://openalex.org/W6677618753"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2067317451","https://openalex.org/W1988358289","https://openalex.org/W1907855537","https://openalex.org/W2795459131","https://openalex.org/W4238372406","https://openalex.org/W4235247244","https://openalex.org/W2161852686","https://openalex.org/W2077948748","https://openalex.org/W2349640748","https://openalex.org/W2783541536"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"number":[1],"of":[2,13,27,29,72,80,95,142,159,171],"retrieval":[3,18,110],"models":[4,19,37,76,173],"incorporating":[5],"term":[6,35],"dependencies":[7],"have":[8,38,51,62],"recently":[9],"been":[10,39,52,63],"introduced.":[11],"Most":[12],"these":[14,34,187],"modify":[15],"existing":[16],"\"bag-of-words\"":[17],"by":[20],"including":[21],"features":[22,150,177,188],"based":[23],"on":[24,102],"the":[25,47,58,70,93,120,157,169,196],"proximity":[26,176],"pairs":[28],"terms":[30],"(or":[31],"bi-terms).":[32],"Although":[33],"dependency":[36,75,149],"shown":[40],"to":[41],"be":[42],"significantly":[43,133],"more":[44,153,179],"effective":[45,129],"than":[46,162,180],"bag-of-words":[48],"models,":[49],"there":[50],"no":[53],"previous":[54],"systematic":[55],"comparisons":[56,117],"between":[57],"different":[59],"approaches":[60],"that":[61,119,148,174,186],"proposed.":[64],"In":[65],"this":[66,140],"paper,":[67],"we":[68],"compare":[69],"effectiveness":[71,170],"recent":[73],"bi-term":[74],"over":[77,195],"a":[78],"range":[79,141],"TREC":[81,105],"collections,":[82,106],"for":[83,163],"both":[84],"short":[85],"(title)":[86],"and":[87,107,131,144],"long":[88],"(description)":[89],"queries.":[90,145,165],"To":[91],"ensure":[92],"reproducibility":[94],"our":[96],"study,":[97],"all":[98,108],"experiments":[99],"are":[100,113,151],"performed":[101],"widely":[103],"available":[104,197],"tuned":[109],"model":[111,124,138],"parameters":[112],"made":[114],"public.":[115],"These":[116],"show":[118,185],"weighted":[121],"sequential":[122],"dependence":[123,172],"is":[125],"at":[126],"least":[127],"as":[128],"as,":[130],"often":[132],"better":[134],"than,":[135],"any":[136],"other":[137],"across":[139],"collections":[143],"We":[146,166],"observe":[147],"much":[152],"valuable":[154],"in":[155],"improving":[156],"performance":[158],"longer":[160],"queries":[161],"shorter":[164],"then":[167],"examine":[168],"incorporate":[175],"involving":[178],"two":[181],"terms.":[182],"The":[183],"results":[184],"can":[189],"improve":[190],"effectiveness,":[191],"but":[192],"not":[193],"consistently,":[194],"data":[198],"sets.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-16T13:24:37.021932","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
