{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1979710543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2660517.2660519","title":"Towards an open question answering architecture","display_name":"Towards an open question answering architecture","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1979710543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2660517.2660519","mag":"1979710543"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2660517.2660519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2660517.2660519","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Semantic Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080498781","display_name":"Edgard Marx","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3111-9405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926574661","display_name":"Leipzig University","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7gtk40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edgard Marx","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069462779","display_name":"Ricardo Usbeck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0191-7211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926574661","display_name":"Leipzig University","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7gtk40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Usbeck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t Leipzig, Leipzig"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Leipzig, Leipzig","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038745720","display_name":"Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7112-3516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926574661","display_name":"Leipzig University","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7gtk40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029862975","display_name":"Konrad H\u00f6ffner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7358-3217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926574661","display_name":"Leipzig University","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7gtk40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konrad H\u00f6ffner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067133778","display_name":"Jens Lehmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9108-4278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926574661","display_name":"Leipzig University","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7gtk40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Lehmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071765665","display_name":"S\u00f6ren Auer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00f6ren Auer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080498781"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.304,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97884028,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"57","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.846894383430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.8404263257980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.6001707315444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multitude","display_name":"Multitude","score":0.5874885320663452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5806246995925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linked-data","display_name":"Linked data","score":0.5273802280426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rdf","display_name":"RDF","score":0.48948705196380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4587019681930542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.37835973501205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.37755322456359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.3566333055496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.348847895860672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09260526299476624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.08716920018196106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.846894383430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.8404263257980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6001707315444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780565519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1208937","display_name":"Multitude","level":2,"score":0.5874885320663452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5806246995925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69075417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515701","display_name":"Linked data","level":3,"score":0.5273802280426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147497476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54872","display_name":"RDF","level":3,"score":0.48948705196380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4587019681930542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.37835973501205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.37755322456359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.3566333055496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.348847895860672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09260526299476624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.08716920018196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2660517.2660519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2660517.2660519","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Semantic Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-415181","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-415181.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer IAIS","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/393256","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/393256","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334960","display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","display_name":"European Social Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W93150254","https://openalex.org/W161113304","https://openalex.org/W1491110638","https://openalex.org/W1552119797","https://openalex.org/W1552847225","https://openalex.org/W1600749373","https://openalex.org/W1889440031","https://openalex.org/W2054070929","https://openalex.org/W2146360558","https://openalex.org/W2151149636","https://openalex.org/W2188053670"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2283287182","https://openalex.org/W82112649","https://openalex.org/W1485690712","https://openalex.org/W2058923328","https://openalex.org/W2897957211","https://openalex.org/W2776293731","https://openalex.org/W2610919777","https://openalex.org/W2965230088","https://openalex.org/W4293389049","https://openalex.org/W1534806717"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Billions":[0],"of":[1,7,125],"facts":[2],"pertaining":[3],"to":[4,32,36,43],"a":[5,24,76,86,110],"multitude":[6],"domains":[8],"are":[9,46],"now":[10],"available":[11],"on":[12],"the":[13,34,60,97,123],"Web":[14],"as":[15],"RDF":[16],"data.":[17],"However,":[18],"accessing":[19],"this":[20,37],"data":[21,62],"is":[22,63],"still":[23,64],"difficult":[25],"endeavour":[26],"for":[27],"non-expert":[28],"users.":[29],"In":[30,67],"order":[31],"meliorate":[33],"access":[35],"data,":[38],"approaches":[39],"imposing":[40],"minimal":[41],"hurdles":[42],"their":[44],"users":[45],"required.":[47],"Although":[48],"many":[49],"question":[50,72,91,106],"answering":[51,73,92,107],"systems":[52,74],"over":[53],"Linked":[54],"Data":[55],"have":[56],"being":[57],"proposed,":[58],"retrieving":[59],"desired":[61],"significantly":[65],"challenging.":[66],"addition,":[68],"developing":[69],"and":[70,88],"evaluating":[71],"remains":[75],"very":[77],"complex":[78],"task.":[79],"To":[80],"overcome":[81],"these":[82],"obstacles,":[83],"we":[84],"present":[85],"modular":[87],"extensible":[89],"open-source":[90],"framework.":[93],"We":[94],"demonstrate":[95],"how":[96],"framework":[98],"can":[99,119],"be":[100,120],"used":[101],"by":[102,122],"integrating":[103],"two":[104],"state-of-the-art":[105],"systems.":[108],"As":[109],"result":[111],"our":[112],"evaluation":[113],"shows":[114],"that":[115],"overall":[116],"better":[117],"results":[118],"achieved":[121],"use":[124],"combination":[126],"rather":[127],"than":[128],"individual":[129],"stand-alone":[130],"versions.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-05T09:01:59.212387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}