{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2099474094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2660267.2660336","title":"Detection of On-Road Vehicles Emanating GPS Interference","display_name":"Detection of On-Road Vehicles Emanating GPS Interference","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2099474094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2660267.2660336","mag":"2099474094"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2660267.2660336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2660267.2660336","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061071038","display_name":"Gorkem Kar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0367-4409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gorkem Kar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Winlab, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA","WINLAB/Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Winlab, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"WINLAB/Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054441347","display_name":"Hossen Asiful Mustafa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-4927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossen Mustafa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","University of South Carolina, columbia, SC, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Carolina, columbia, SC, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100322552","display_name":"Yan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9324-4191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108468826","display_name":"Stevens Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02z43xh36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stevens Institute of \\\\ Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stevens Institute of \\\\ Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100394750","display_name":"Yingying Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3994-766X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108468826","display_name":"Stevens Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02z43xh36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingying Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113664303","display_name":"Wenyuan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1101-0007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyuan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","University of South Carolina, columbia, SC, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Carolina, columbia, SC, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078160983","display_name":"Marco Gruteser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7424-4951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Gruteser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Winlab, Rutgers University, North Brunswick, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Winlab, Rutgers University, North Brunswick, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022767483","display_name":"Tam Vu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1514-4034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tam Vu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA","University of Colorado, Denver, DENVER, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado, Denver, DENVER, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2237,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77719295,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"621","last_page":"632"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12406","display_name":"IoT and GPS-based Vehicle Safety Systems","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.8460574746131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.7370363473892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6450753211975098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5814875960350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5564998388290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-tracking-system","display_name":"Vehicle tracking system","score":0.5218750238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps-signals","display_name":"GPS signals","score":0.5173384547233582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-gps","display_name":"Assisted GPS","score":0.4458617568016052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.4335446357727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.28969812393188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.18342086672782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08109697699546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.07196176052093506}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.8460574746131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.7370363473892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6450753211975098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5814875960350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5564998388290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84119951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3498530","display_name":"Vehicle tracking system","level":3,"score":0.5218750238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12957241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15903792","display_name":"GPS signals","level":4,"score":0.5173384547233582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.4458617568016052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.4335446357727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.28969812393188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.18342086672782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08109697699546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.07196176052093506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2660267.2660336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2660267.2660336","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarcommons.sc.edu:csce_facpub-1175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/csce_facpub/176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196354","display_name":"Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","host_organization_name":"University of South Carolina","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.677.4404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.677.4404","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.winlab.rutgers.edu/%7Egruteser/papers/ccsfp448s-kar.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.01RUT_INST:11685501960004646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.libraries.rutgers.edu/esploro/outputs/conferenceProceeding/Detection-of-On-Road-Vehicles-Emanating-GPS/991031759102404646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"Open Research (University of Surrey)","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Proceedings"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1975830946","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1329939","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3363799577","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-13-1-0288","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6524858399","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-0845896","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7905819595","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-0954020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdzmk74"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W284953988","https://openalex.org/W425969897","https://openalex.org/W1513478597","https://openalex.org/W2016212323","https://openalex.org/W2053706233","https://openalex.org/W2121315148","https://openalex.org/W2130404155","https://openalex.org/W2133585118","https://openalex.org/W2142811025","https://openalex.org/W2166339508","https://openalex.org/W2280213347","https://openalex.org/W2292500872","https://openalex.org/W2528168672","https://openalex.org/W2598137163","https://openalex.org/W2602214959","https://openalex.org/W2980146237","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4301359260","https://openalex.org/W6630848832","https://openalex.org/W6769014648"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4248597968","https://openalex.org/W2054128315","https://openalex.org/W2126904819","https://openalex.org/W2386611723","https://openalex.org/W1974846654","https://openalex.org/W1983404271","https://openalex.org/W2161629363","https://openalex.org/W2095430614","https://openalex.org/W2545442221","https://openalex.org/W2184299274"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Global":[1],"Positioning":[2],"System":[3],"(GPS)":[4],"is":[5,12,157],"widely":[6],"used":[7],"in":[8,114,142,202],"critical":[9],"infrastructures":[10],"but":[11],"vulnerable":[13],"to":[14,31,38,69,124,206],"radio":[15],"frequency":[16],"(RF)":[17],"interference.":[18,188],"A":[19],"common":[20],"source":[21],"of":[22,52,122,154,173,176,186],"interference":[23,43,141,209],"are":[24,199],"commercial":[25],"drivers":[26],"that":[27,149,192],"use":[28],"GPS":[29,97,177],"jammers":[30],"circumvent":[32],"vehicle":[33,139,151],"tracking":[34],"systems.":[35],"Existing":[36],"mechanisms":[37],"detect":[39],"and":[40,94,117,163,182,204],"identify":[41,126],"such":[42],"emitting":[44],"vehicles":[45,123],"on":[46,133,180],"roadways":[47,181],"require":[48],"a":[49,56,65,105,134,138,160,166],"large":[50],"number":[51],"specialized":[53],"detectors":[54,91],"or":[55],"manual":[57],"observation":[58],"process.":[59],"In":[60],"this":[61],"paper,":[62],"we":[63,147],"design":[64],"practical,":[66],"automated":[67],"system":[68,74,109],"facilitate":[70],"enforcement":[71],"actions.":[72],"Our":[73],"combines":[75],"information":[76],"from":[77],"roadside":[78],"monitoring":[79,175],"points":[80],"at":[81,104],"key":[82],"locations":[83],"along":[84],"the":[85,108,111,118,127,143,150],"roadway":[86],"as":[87,89],"well":[88],"mobile":[90,96,194],"(e.g.,":[92],"smartphones":[93],"other":[95],"systems).":[98],"Rather":[99],"than":[100],"attempting":[101],"precise":[102],"localization":[103],"given":[106],"time,":[107],"exploits":[110],"inherent":[112],"variation":[113],"driving":[115],"speeds":[116],"resulting":[119],"diverging":[120],"trajectories":[121],"uniquely":[125],"interfering":[128],"vehicle.":[129],"Through":[130],"our":[131,155,193],"experiments":[132],"local":[135],"highway":[136],"with":[137],"transmitting":[140],"900MHz":[144],"ISM":[145],"band,":[146],"found":[148,183],"identification":[152],"rate":[153],"mechanism":[156],"65%":[158],"for":[159,165],"single-point":[161],"setup":[162],"100%":[164],"two-point":[167],"setup.":[168],"We":[169,189],"performed":[170],"200":[171],"hours":[172],"passive":[174],"L1":[178],"band":[179],"two":[184],"episodes":[185],"real":[187],"also":[190],"demonstrate":[191],"detector-based":[195],"crowdsourced":[196],"smartphone":[197],"profiles":[198],"sufficiently":[200],"consistent":[201],"time":[203],"space":[205],"enable":[207],"reliable":[208],"detection.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}