{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1976948167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2658537.2658695","title":"Learning curves","display_name":"Learning curves","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1976948167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2658537.2658695","mag":"1976948167"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2658537.2658695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2658537.2658695","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the first ACM SIGCHI annual symposium on Computer-human interaction in play","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078710069","display_name":"Conor Linehan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7654-6697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51532219","display_name":"University of Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/03yeq9x20","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Conor Linehan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom","University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UNITED KINGDOM"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UNITED KINGDOM","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059644958","display_name":"George Bellord","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51532219","display_name":"University of Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/03yeq9x20","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Bellord","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom","University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UNITED KINGDOM"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UNITED KINGDOM","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014034719","display_name":"Ben Kirman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4087-5798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51532219","display_name":"University of Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/03yeq9x20","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Kirman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Lincoln, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Lincoln, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001682765","display_name":"Zachary H. Morford","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zachary H. Morford","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Reno, Nevada, Reno, NV, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Reno, Nevada, Reno, NV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066539395","display_name":"Bryan Roche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7413-2207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157286207","display_name":"National University of Ireland, Maynooth","ror":"https://ror.org/048nfjm95","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryan Roche","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.4694,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98458376,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"181","last_page":"190"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11079","display_name":"Creativity in Education and Neuroscience","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pace","display_name":"Pace","score":0.8861496448516846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6132146120071411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-mechanics","display_name":"Game mechanics","score":0.5381949543952942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5245171785354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.5063859224319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.470305860042572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.36874061822891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3081520199775696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.2943989932537079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.10386547446250916}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.8861496448516846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6132146120071411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170828538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751513","display_name":"Game mechanics","level":2,"score":0.5381949543952942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5245171785354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5063859224319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.470305860042572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.36874061822891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3081520199775696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2943989932537079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.10386547446250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2658537.2658695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2658537.2658695","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the first ACM SIGCHI annual symposium on Computer-human interaction in play","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cora.ucc.ie:10468/3461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10468/3461","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lincoln.ac.uk:15794","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/id/eprint/15794/1/CHI%20PLay%20learning%20curves%20authors%20version.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/id/eprint/15794/1/CHI%20PLay%20learning%20curves%20authors%20version.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196275","display_name":"Lincoln Repository (University of Lincoln)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I51532219","host_organization_name":"University of Lincoln","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W132028353","https://openalex.org/W165164601","https://openalex.org/W1511827303","https://openalex.org/W1521891762","https://openalex.org/W1934782475","https://openalex.org/W1936508772","https://openalex.org/W1970217653","https://openalex.org/W1972905956","https://openalex.org/W1980850924","https://openalex.org/W1998933811","https://openalex.org/W2002976116","https://openalex.org/W2011574667","https://openalex.org/W2022634938","https://openalex.org/W2023718959","https://openalex.org/W2057148748","https://openalex.org/W2067272964","https://openalex.org/W2067642098","https://openalex.org/W2069897595","https://openalex.org/W2078997954","https://openalex.org/W2081616790","https://openalex.org/W2093501953","https://openalex.org/W2099589803","https://openalex.org/W2103373627","https://openalex.org/W2110757923","https://openalex.org/W2121948830","https://openalex.org/W2125614768","https://openalex.org/W2140205964","https://openalex.org/W2141084584","https://openalex.org/W2141621996","https://openalex.org/W2147489905","https://openalex.org/W2154106762","https://openalex.org/W2199161759","https://openalex.org/W2317130090","https://openalex.org/W2888173704","https://openalex.org/W4231042348","https://openalex.org/W4235390372","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6606640934"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386723501","https://openalex.org/W2387879414","https://openalex.org/W2390304029","https://openalex.org/W2354923724","https://openalex.org/W2146830340","https://openalex.org/W4288601434","https://openalex.org/W2377101853","https://openalex.org/W2362180844","https://openalex.org/W2378405797","https://openalex.org/W2913869602"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"pace":[1,43],"at":[2],"which":[3],"challenges":[4,44],"are":[5,101],"introduced":[6,102],"in":[7,45,51,98,136,161],"a":[8,15,81],"game":[9,26,34,100],"has":[10,119],"long":[11],"been":[12],"identified":[13],"as":[14,56],"key":[16],"determinant":[17],"of":[18,61,85,113,158],"both":[19],"the":[20,94,117,120,139,156],"enjoyment":[21],"and":[22,28,71,75,124,132,163],"difficulty":[23],"experienced":[24],"by":[25],"players,":[27],"their":[29],"ability":[30],"to":[31,38,41,122],"learn":[32],"from":[33,80],"play.":[35],"In":[36],"order":[37],"understand":[39],"how":[40,86],"best":[42],"games,":[46,162],"there":[47],"is":[48,143],"great":[49],"value":[50],"analysing":[52],"games":[53,64],"already":[54],"demonstrated":[55],"highly":[57],"engaging.":[58],"Play-through":[59],"videos":[60],"four":[62],"puzzle":[63],"(Portal,":[65],"Portal":[66],"2":[67],"Co-operative":[68],"mode,":[69],"Braid":[70],"Lemmings),":[72],"were":[73],"observed":[74],"analysed":[76],"using":[77],"metrics":[78],"derived":[79],"behavioural":[82],"psychology":[83],"understanding":[84],"people":[87],"solve":[88],"problems.":[89],"Findings":[90],"suggest":[91,164],"that;":[92],"1)":[93],"main":[95],"skills":[96],"learned":[97,130],"each":[99],"separately,":[103],"2)":[104],"through":[105],"simple":[106],"puzzles":[107,134],"that":[108,114,126],"require":[109],"only":[110],"basic":[111],"performance":[112],"skill,":[115],"3)":[116],"player":[118],"opportunity":[121],"practice":[123],"integrate":[125],"skill":[127,142],"with":[128],"previously":[129],"skills,":[131],"4)":[133],"increase":[135],"complexity":[137],"until":[138],"next":[140],"new":[141],"introduced.":[144],"These":[145],"data":[146],"provide":[147],"practical":[148],"guidance":[149],"for":[150,167],"designers,":[151],"support":[152],"contemporary":[153],"thinking":[154],"on":[155],"design":[157],"learning":[159],"structures":[160],"future":[165],"directions":[166],"empirical":[168],"research.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}