{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2070414912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2656877.2656879","title":"DRoP","display_name":"DRoP","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2070414912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2656877.2656879","mag":"2070414912"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2656877.2656879","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2656877.2656879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66039016","display_name":"ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review","issn_l":"0146-4833","issn":["0146-4833","1943-5819"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019304041","display_name":"Bradley Huffaker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3468-1266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bradley Huffaker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077417426","display_name":"Marina Fomenkov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marina Fomenkov","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072282499","display_name":"kc claffy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4824-3493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"kc claffy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019304041"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3426,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96515201,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"3","first_page":"5","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12203","display_name":"Mobile Agent-Based Network Management","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9771999716758728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8094460964202881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.7306252121925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geolocation","display_name":"Geolocation","score":0.7041766047477722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6984505653381348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5473102331161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5265436768531799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.46776196360588074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.46643996238708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.45631465315818787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/router","display_name":"Router","score":0.4200207591056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.36453408002853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35888567566871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.18383759260177612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.12527310848236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08631429076194763}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8094460964202881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.7306252121925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22041718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638949","display_name":"Geolocation","level":2,"score":0.7041766047477722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6984505653381348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5473102331161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5265436768531799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.46776196360588074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46643996238708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.45631465315818787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775896111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q642560","display_name":"Router","level":2,"score":0.4200207591056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.36453408002853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35888567566871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.18383759260177612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12527310848236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08631429076194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2656877.2656879","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2656877.2656879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66039016","display_name":"ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review","issn_l":"0146-4833","issn":["0146-4833","1943-5819"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573064861","https://openalex.org/W1576247912","https://openalex.org/W1926731143","https://openalex.org/W2005267400","https://openalex.org/W2018645873","https://openalex.org/W2020531661","https://openalex.org/W2061964833","https://openalex.org/W2115082527","https://openalex.org/W2115819049","https://openalex.org/W2123491545","https://openalex.org/W2155845143","https://openalex.org/W2165174838","https://openalex.org/W2177058407","https://openalex.org/W2399380432","https://openalex.org/W2885912348","https://openalex.org/W6640406365","https://openalex.org/W6753601977"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2163194970","https://openalex.org/W3105229732","https://openalex.org/W2799094075","https://openalex.org/W2945387931","https://openalex.org/W2187946387","https://openalex.org/W2892370851","https://openalex.org/W2052024186","https://openalex.org/W2939141610","https://openalex.org/W4310429133","https://openalex.org/W2033613212"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3,93,119,134],"focus":[4],"on":[5,129],"geolocating":[6,151],"Internet":[7,152],"routers,":[8],"using":[9,115],"a":[10,42,79,103],"methodology":[11],"for":[12,48,121,138,150],"extracting":[13],"and":[14,66,112],"decoding":[15],"geography-related":[16],"strings":[17,32],"from":[18],"fully":[19],"qualified":[20],"domain":[21,55,141],"names":[22],"(hostnames).":[23],"We":[24,39,63,101],"first":[25],"compiled":[26],"an":[27],"extensive":[28],"dictionary":[29],"associating":[30],"geographic":[31,57],"(e.g.,":[33],"airport":[34],"codes)":[35],"with":[36],"geophysical":[37],"locations.":[38],"then":[40],"searched":[41],"large":[43],"set":[44],"of":[45,105,148],"router":[46],"hostnames":[47,86],"these":[49],"strings,":[50],"assuming":[51],"each":[52],"autonomous":[53],"naming":[54],"uses":[56],"hints":[58,96],"consistently":[59],"within":[60],"that":[61],"domain.":[62],"used":[64],"topology":[65],"performance":[67],"data":[68],"continually":[69],"collected":[70],"by":[71],"our":[72,136],"global":[73],"measurement":[74],"infrastructure":[75],"to":[76,83],"discern":[77],"whether":[78],"given":[80],"hint":[81],"appears":[82],"co-locate":[84],"different":[85,110],"in":[87],"which":[88,127],"it":[89],"is":[90],"found.":[91],"Finally,":[92],"generalized":[94],"geolocation":[95],"into":[97],"domain-specific":[98,116,131],"rule":[99],"sets.":[100],"generated":[102],"total":[104],"1,711":[106],"rules":[107],"covering":[108],"1,398":[109],"domains":[111],"validated":[113],"them":[114],"ground":[117],"truth":[118],"gathered":[120],"six":[122],"domains.":[123],"Unlike":[124],"previous":[125],"efforts":[126],"relied":[128],"labor-intensive":[130],"manual":[132],"analysis,":[133],"automate":[135],"process":[137],"inferring":[139],"the":[140,146],"specific":[142],"heuristics,":[143],"substantially":[144],"advancing":[145],"state-of-the-art":[147],"methods":[149],"resources.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
