{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2151277757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2645884.2645890","title":"Using crowdsourced satellite SNR measurements for 3D mapping and real-time GNSS positioning improvement","display_name":"Using crowdsourced satellite SNR measurements for 3D mapping and real-time GNSS positioning improvement","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2151277757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2645884.2645890","mag":"2151277757"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2645884.2645890","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2645884.2645890","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th annual workshop on Wireless of the students, by the students, for the students","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004847400","display_name":"Andrew T. Irish","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew T. Irish","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011379708","display_name":"Daniel Iland","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Iland","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064731578","display_name":"Jason T. Isaacs","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason T. Isaacs","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065218317","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o P. Hespanha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2809-4718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o P. Hespanha","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041600302","display_name":"Elizabeth Belding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2155-6740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth M. Belding","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089061562","display_name":"Upamanyu Madhow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7800-4138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Upamanyu Madhow","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004847400"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8495,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78656406,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.8478772640228271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.8391017913818359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8047975301742554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5982636213302612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.5975255370140076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.5677226781845093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.49884676933288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-augmentation","display_name":"GNSS augmentation","score":0.49322861433029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-navigation","display_name":"Satellite navigation","score":0.45854902267456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4301653504371643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.4287841022014618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4120030701160431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20406493544578552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.14769849181175232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09221076965332031}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.8478772640228271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.8391017913818359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8047975301742554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5982636213302612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.5975255370140076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.5677226781845093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.49884676933288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166212672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165162","display_name":"GNSS augmentation","level":4,"score":0.49322861433029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36301306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179435","display_name":"Satellite navigation","level":3,"score":0.45854902267456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4301653504371643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.4287841022014618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4120030701160431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20406493544578552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.14769849181175232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09221076965332031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2645884.2645890","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2645884.2645890","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th annual workshop on Wireless of the students, by the students, for the students","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.434.831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.434.831","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ece.ucsb.edu/wcsl/Publications/irish_S3_2014.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G768855555","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-09-0001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332500","funder_display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332500","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338502","display_name":"Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W166641251","https://openalex.org/W1970466451","https://openalex.org/W1984814084","https://openalex.org/W1999471323","https://openalex.org/W2050985045","https://openalex.org/W2085299592","https://openalex.org/W2101221475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111396174","https://openalex.org/W2159868000","https://openalex.org/W4387400587","https://openalex.org/W2524816934","https://openalex.org/W2789784127","https://openalex.org/W2364356564","https://openalex.org/W2963814634","https://openalex.org/W3205180365","https://openalex.org/W2546516037","https://openalex.org/W2109997931"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Geopositioning":[0],"using":[1],"Global":[2,10],"Navigation":[3],"Satellite":[4],"Systems":[5],"(GNSS),":[6],"such":[7,40,142],"as":[8,41],"the":[9,83],"Positioning":[11],"System":[12],"(GPS),":[13],"is":[14,78,90],"inaccurate":[15],"in":[16,56,101,119],"urban":[17,38,49],"environments":[18],"due":[19],"to":[20,72,124,127],"frequent":[21],"non-line-of-sight":[22],"(NLOS)":[23],"signal":[24,51],"reception.":[25],"This":[26,77],"poses":[27],"a":[28,102,113,137,143,148],"major":[29],"problem":[30],"for":[31,81],"mobile":[32,70],"services":[33],"that":[34,95,153],"benefit":[35],"from":[36,69,112],"accurate":[37],"localization,":[39],"navigation,":[42],"hyperlocal":[43],"advertising,":[44],"and":[45,146],"geofencing":[46],"applications.":[47],"However,":[48],"NLOS":[50],"reception":[52],"can":[53,61,121],"be":[54,122],"exploited":[55],"two":[57],"ways.":[58],"First,":[59],"one":[60],"use":[62],"satellite":[63],"signal-to-noise":[64],"ratio":[65],"(SNR)":[66],"measurements":[67],"crowdsourced":[68],"devices":[71],"create":[73],"3D":[74,125],"environment":[75],"maps.":[76],"possible":[79],"because,":[80],"example,":[82],"SNR":[84,110],"of":[85,96,104,140],"signals":[86],"obstructed":[87],"by":[88],"buildings":[89],"lower":[91],"on":[92],"average":[93],"than":[94],"line-of-sight":[97],"(LOS)":[98],"signals.":[99],"Second,":[100],"sort":[103],"reverse":[105],"process":[106],"called":[107],"Shadow":[108],"Matching,":[109],"readings":[111],"particular":[114],"device":[115],"at":[116],"an":[117],"instant":[118],"time":[120],"compared":[123],"maps":[126],"provide":[128],"real-time":[129],"localization":[130],"improvement.":[131],"In":[132],"this":[133],"paper":[134],"we":[135],"give":[136],"brief":[138],"overview":[139],"how":[141],"system":[144],"works":[145],"describe":[147],"scalable,":[149],"low-cost,":[150],"software-only":[151],"architecture":[152],"implements":[154],"it.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}