{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2026288161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2635868.2661668","title":"RaPiD: a toolkit for reliability analysis of non-deterministic systems","display_name":"RaPiD: a toolkit for reliability analysis of non-deterministic systems","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2026288161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2635868.2661668","mag":"2026288161"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2635868.2661668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2635868.2661668","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/4993","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062168574","display_name":"Lin Gui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8054-9524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lin Gui","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429004","display_name":"Jun Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3545-1392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore","Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355692","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-9215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Nanyang Technological University (Singapore)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University (Singapore)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103602295","display_name":"Truong Khanh Nguyen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Truong Khanh Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore","Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085067496","display_name":"Jin Song Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6512-8326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Song Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062168574"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13548819,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"727","last_page":"730"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.729840874671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6370190978050232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.6143953800201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.6051415801048279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.5608944296836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.520821213722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.4990544319152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.4405137002468109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.4364573657512665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.39803415536880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3585173487663269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.18720942735671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1165170669555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09026631712913513}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.729840874671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6370190978050232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.6143953800201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.6051415801048279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5608944296836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.520821213722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.4990544319152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.4405137002468109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.4364573657512665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.39803415536880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3585173487663269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.18720942735671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1165170669555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09026631712913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2635868.2661668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2635868.2661668","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-5996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/4993","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196871","display_name":"Institutional Knowledge (InK) - Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2635868.2661668","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-repository.griffith.edu.au:10072/184965","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10072/184965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402548","display_name":"Griffith Research Online (Griffith University, Queensland, Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","host_organization_name":"Griffith University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference output"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-5996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/4993","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196871","display_name":"Institutional Knowledge (InK) - Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2635868.2661668","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W94380540","https://openalex.org/W125598877","https://openalex.org/W190605804","https://openalex.org/W1498432697","https://openalex.org/W1509672965","https://openalex.org/W1977832770","https://openalex.org/W2015699956","https://openalex.org/W2033912676","https://openalex.org/W2034104359","https://openalex.org/W2071427291","https://openalex.org/W2149614712","https://openalex.org/W2250607661","https://openalex.org/W6629784141"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2379651310","https://openalex.org/W2113019827","https://openalex.org/W1541249122","https://openalex.org/W2084326697","https://openalex.org/W2027903142","https://openalex.org/W2354322608","https://openalex.org/W2804608325","https://openalex.org/W2077211377","https://openalex.org/W2413828414","https://openalex.org/W2186675474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-determinism":[0],"in":[1,54],"concurrent":[2],"or":[3],"distributed":[4,14],"software":[5,64],"systems":[6,127],"(i.e.,":[7],"various":[8],"possible":[9],"execution":[10],"orders":[11],"among":[12],"different":[13],"components)":[15],"presents":[16],"new":[17],"challenges":[18],"to":[19,67,103,123],"the":[20,38,55,77,82,93,100,110,114],"existing":[21],"reliability":[22,39,49,69,80,83,101,116],"analysis":[23,40,56],"methods":[24],"based":[25],"on":[26,71,92],"Markov":[27,45],"chains.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30],"work,":[31],"we":[32],"present":[33],"a":[34,72,90,129,134],"toolkit":[35],"RaPiD":[36,51,74,97,107,119],"for":[37],"of":[41,57,85],"non-deterministic":[42],"systems.":[43],"Taking":[44],"decision":[46],"process":[47],"as":[48],"model,":[50],"can":[52,75,98,108],"help":[53],"three":[58],"fundamental":[59],"and":[60,139],"rewarding":[61],"aspects":[62],"regarding":[63],"reliability.":[65],"First,":[66],"have":[68],"assurance":[70],"system,":[73,133],"synthesize":[76],"overall":[78,94],"system":[79,86,95,115,138],"given":[81,89],"values":[84],"components.":[87],"Second,":[88],"requirement":[91,102],"reliability,":[96],"distribute":[99],"each":[104],"component.":[105],"Lastly,":[106],"identify":[109],"component":[111],"that":[112],"affects":[113],"most":[117],"significantly.":[118],"has":[120],"been":[121],"applied":[122],"analyze":[124],"several":[125],"real-world":[126],"including":[128],"financial":[130],"stock":[131],"trading":[132],"proton":[135],"therapy":[136],"control":[137],"an":[140],"ambient":[141],"assisted":[142],"living":[143],"room":[144],"system.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}