{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1970098188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2632320.2632344","title":"Eye tracking in computing education","display_name":"Eye tracking in computing education","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1970098188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2632320.2632344","mag":"1970098188"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2632320.2632344","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2632320.2632344","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the tenth annual conference on International computing education research","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050122444","display_name":"Teresa Busjahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9835-9828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Teresa Busjahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038084384","display_name":"Carsten Schulte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3009-4904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carsten Schulte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045476556","display_name":"Bonita Sharif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5178-7160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161203489","display_name":"Youngstown State University","ror":"https://ror.org/038zf2n28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161203489"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bonita Sharif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Youngstown State University, Youngstown, Ohio, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Youngstown State University, Youngstown, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161203489"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Simon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","display_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00eae9z71","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia","University of Newcastle - Newcastle, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Newcastle - Newcastle, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069794323","display_name":"Andrew Begel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7425-4818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Begel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030616612","display_name":"Michael R. Hansen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4775-4622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Hansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA","Indiana University, Indianapolis. IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, Indianapolis. IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018344574","display_name":"Roman Bednarik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-3520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roman Bednarik","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017778340","display_name":"Pavel Orlov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6256-8134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Orlov","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033863786","display_name":"Petri Ihantola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1197-7266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petri Ihantola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland","Aalto University,,,Helsinki,,Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University,,,Helsinki,,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061864246","display_name":"Galina Shchekotova","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2895403630","display_name":"St. Petersburg Institute of Jewish Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/00qqptx17","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2895403630"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Galina Shchekotova","raw_affiliation_strings":["JetBrains, Saint Petersburg, Russian Fed","JetBrains, Saint Petersburg, Russian Fed.#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JetBrains, Saint Petersburg, Russian Fed","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2895403630"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"JetBrains, Saint Petersburg, Russian Fed.#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071621258","display_name":"Maria Antropova","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2895403630","display_name":"St. Petersburg Institute of Jewish Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/00qqptx17","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2895403630"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Antropova","raw_affiliation_strings":["JetBrains, Saint Petersburg, Russian Fed","JetBrains, Saint Petersburg, Russian Fed.#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JetBrains, Saint Petersburg, Russian Fed","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2895403630"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"JetBrains, Saint Petersburg, Russian Fed.#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050122444"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.7819,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97320831,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.7640003561973572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7194540500640869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6409394145011902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.5967702865600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-comprehension","display_name":"Program comprehension","score":0.572766900062561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.47438886761665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.44128337502479553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3758357763290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3636552691459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3322111964225769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.1505606770515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.12145659327507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1164470911026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11207309365272522}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.7640003561973572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7194540500640869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6409394145011902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.5967702865600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777561058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2652119","display_name":"Program comprehension","level":4,"score":0.572766900062561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.47438886761665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.44128337502479553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3758357763290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3636552691459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3322111964225769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.1505606770515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12145659327507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1164470911026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11207309365272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2632320.2632344","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2632320.2632344","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the tenth annual conference on International computing education research","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.649.3519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.649.3519","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/abegel/papers/icer818-busjahn.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:uon:19448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1297443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196471","display_name":"NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","host_organization_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95184617","https://openalex.org/W142239246","https://openalex.org/W194546708","https://openalex.org/W1549761299","https://openalex.org/W1966036881","https://openalex.org/W1983189597","https://openalex.org/W2013788150","https://openalex.org/W2015480071","https://openalex.org/W2031043538","https://openalex.org/W2035280589","https://openalex.org/W2043656210","https://openalex.org/W2071792242","https://openalex.org/W2085710993","https://openalex.org/W2100336184","https://openalex.org/W2101637204","https://openalex.org/W2111760158","https://openalex.org/W2142391150","https://openalex.org/W2153076044","https://openalex.org/W2154058508","https://openalex.org/W2155263925","https://openalex.org/W2157111704","https://openalex.org/W2161778038","https://openalex.org/W2469474566","https://openalex.org/W3000429148","https://openalex.org/W4237527431","https://openalex.org/W4241805227"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206950173","https://openalex.org/W1981014703","https://openalex.org/W4362455538","https://openalex.org/W2031043538","https://openalex.org/W4384698359","https://openalex.org/W4286559857","https://openalex.org/W401941822","https://openalex.org/W2594780739","https://openalex.org/W2101448532","https://openalex.org/W3038703827"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"methodology":[1],"of":[2,14,21,34],"eye":[3,35],"tracking":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6],"gradually":[7],"making":[8],"its":[9],"way":[10],"into":[11],"various":[12],"fields":[13],"science,":[15],"assisted":[16],"by":[17],"the":[18,22,32],"diminishing":[19],"cost":[20],"associated":[23],"technology.":[24],"In":[25],"an":[26],"international":[27],"collaboration":[28],"to":[29],"open":[30],"up":[31],"prospect":[33],"movement":[36],"research":[37],"for":[38],"programming":[39],"educators,":[40],"we":[41],"present":[42],"a":[43],"case":[44],"study":[45],"on":[46],"program":[47],"comprehension":[48],"and":[49],"preliminary":[50],"analyses":[51],"together":[52],"with":[53],"some":[54],"useful":[55],"tools.":[56]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
