{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2082187079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2628257.2628271","title":"Perceptual evaluation of cardboarding in 3D content visualization","display_name":"Perceptual evaluation of cardboarding in 3D content visualization","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2082187079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2628257.2628271","mag":"2082187079"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2628257.2628271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2628257.2628271","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077276484","display_name":"Alexandre Chapiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-0131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137357","display_name":"Walt Disney (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04h1x1p54","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137357","https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexandre Chapiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Disney Research Zurich and ETH Zurich","Disney Research Zurich, and ETH Zurich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Disney Research Zurich and ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137357","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Disney Research Zurich, and ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137357","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005467474","display_name":"Olga Diamanti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olga Diamanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich","[ETH, Zurich]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[ETH, Zurich]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064711890","display_name":"Steven Poulakos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-1411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137357","display_name":"Walt Disney (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04h1x1p54","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137357","https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Poulakos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Disney Research Zurich and ETH Zurich","Disney Research Zurich, and ETH Zurich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Disney Research Zurich and ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137357","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Disney Research Zurich, and ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137357","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063212917","display_name":"Carol O\u2019Sullivan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3772-4961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142140","display_name":"Walt Disney (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04eg47h42","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol O'Sullivan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Disney Research Los Angeles"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Disney Research Los Angeles","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069857775","display_name":"Aljo\u0161a Smoli\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7033-3335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142140","display_name":"Walt Disney (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04eg47h42","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aljoscha Smolic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Disney Research Zurich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Disney Research Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033076979","display_name":"Markus Gro\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9324-779X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137357","display_name":"Walt Disney (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04h1x1p54","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137357","https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Gross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Disney Research Zurich and ETH Zurich","Disney Research Zurich, and ETH Zurich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Disney Research Zurich and ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137357","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Disney Research Zurich, and ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137357","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077276484"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088","https://openalex.org/I4210137357"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3442,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84695157,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"47","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact","display_name":"Artifact (error)","score":0.82002192735672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.6986074447631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.6916329860687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6592980623245239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depth-perception","display_name":"Depth perception","score":0.6307042241096497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5255257487297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5185809135437012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4898695647716522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-perception","display_name":"Visual perception","score":0.41560468077659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.16471001505851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07932093739509583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.82002192735672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.6986074447631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6916329860687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6592980623245239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52672216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1749840","display_name":"Depth perception","level":3,"score":0.6307042241096497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5255257487297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5185809135437012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4898695647716522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178253425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162668","display_name":"Visual perception","level":3,"score":0.41560468077659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.16471001505851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07932093739509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2628257.2628271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2628257.2628271","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1929747072","https://openalex.org/W1968132106","https://openalex.org/W1974703469","https://openalex.org/W1975861306","https://openalex.org/W2004702094","https://openalex.org/W2017598974","https://openalex.org/W2032004585","https://openalex.org/W2051210050","https://openalex.org/W2100772485","https://openalex.org/W2103997188","https://openalex.org/W2107578134","https://openalex.org/W2109262272","https://openalex.org/W2119260228","https://openalex.org/W2125626656","https://openalex.org/W2127418128","https://openalex.org/W3138029226"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W52840052","https://openalex.org/W3162837891","https://openalex.org/W1687852313","https://openalex.org/W3029243869","https://openalex.org/W2502336004","https://openalex.org/W1741504538","https://openalex.org/W4308623176","https://openalex.org/W2019696434","https://openalex.org/W2358078963","https://openalex.org/W2023249001"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"pervasive":[1],"artifact":[2,98],"that":[3,57,81],"occurs":[4],"when":[5],"visualizing":[6],"3D":[7,119],"content":[8],"is":[9,34,88,101],"the":[10,39,59,96],"so-called":[11],"\"cardboarding\"":[12],"effect,":[13],"where":[14],"objects":[15],"appear":[16],"flat":[17],"due":[18],"to":[19,27,35,51,84,90,95],"depth":[20,83,115],"compression,":[21],"with":[22,49,65],"relatively":[23],"little":[24],"research":[25],"conducted":[26],"perceptually":[28],"quantify":[29],"its":[30],"effects.":[31],"Our":[32,78],"aim":[33],"shed":[36],"light":[37],"on":[38],"subjective":[40,70],"preferences":[41],"and":[42,72,74],"practical":[43],"perceptual":[44],"limits":[45],"of":[46,61],"stereo":[47],"vision":[48],"respect":[50],"cardboarding.":[52],"We":[53],"present":[54],"three":[55],"experiments":[56],"explore":[58],"consequences":[60],"displaying":[62],"simple":[63],"scenes":[64],"reduced":[66],"depths":[67],"using":[68],"both":[69],"ratings":[71],"adjustments":[73],"objective":[75],"sensitivity":[76,94],"metrics.":[77],"results":[79],"suggest":[80],"compressing":[82],"80%":[85],"or":[86],"above":[87],"likely":[89],"be":[91,107],"acceptable,":[92],"whereas":[93],"cardboarding":[97],"below":[99],"30%":[100],"very":[102],"high.":[103],"These":[104],"values":[105],"could":[106],"used":[108],"in":[109,118],"practice":[110],"as":[111],"guidelines":[112],"for":[113],"commonplace":[114],"mapping":[116],"operations":[117],"production":[120],"pipelines.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}