{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2034151099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2627369.2631644","title":"Powering the internet of things","display_name":"Powering the internet of things","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2034151099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2627369.2631644","mag":"2034151099"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2627369.2631644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2627369.2631644","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2014 international symposium on Low power electronics and design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046062704","display_name":"Hrishikesh Jayakumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8693-0038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hrishikesh Jayakumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 475 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 475 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108627339","display_name":"Kang\u2010Woo Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kangwoo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 475 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 475 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055107297","display_name":"Woo-Suk Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0798-1660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Woo Suk Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 475 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 475 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066464351","display_name":"Arnab Raha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8848-1069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arnab Raha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 475 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 475 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004429223","display_name":"Younghyun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5287-9235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Younghyun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 475 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 475 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102009759","display_name":"Vijay Raghunathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4713-5386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijay Raghunathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 475 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 475 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046062704"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.1369,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":204,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98291491,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"375","last_page":"380"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.7009294033050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.66449373960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6572170853614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6236902475357056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.565592348575592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4743698537349701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-management","display_name":"Power management","score":0.4497619867324829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.4317783713340759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4151667356491089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.40902459621429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4088471233844757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3054898977279663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.29204607009887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19147810339927673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.7009294033050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.66449373960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6572170853614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6236902475357056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.565592348575592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4743698537349701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778774385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4437810","display_name":"Power management","level":3,"score":0.4497619867324829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.4317783713340759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4151667356491089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.40902459621429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4088471233844757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3054898977279663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.29204607009887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19147810339927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2627369.2631644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2627369.2631644","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2014 international symposium on Low power electronics and design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3757854618","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1018358","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","funder_display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations","ror":"https://ror.org/01mng8331"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W430623074","https://openalex.org/W1444434052","https://openalex.org/W1607087355","https://openalex.org/W1620991513","https://openalex.org/W1764312845","https://openalex.org/W1963664106","https://openalex.org/W1964586325","https://openalex.org/W1969081205","https://openalex.org/W1973067315","https://openalex.org/W1973359205","https://openalex.org/W1975031192","https://openalex.org/W2000463897","https://openalex.org/W2014920630","https://openalex.org/W2017774958","https://openalex.org/W2029043529","https://openalex.org/W2044366879","https://openalex.org/W2051108935","https://openalex.org/W2055746889","https://openalex.org/W2059109410","https://openalex.org/W2063939750","https://openalex.org/W2080895310","https://openalex.org/W2082137950","https://openalex.org/W2091523085","https://openalex.org/W2097065647","https://openalex.org/W2099461393","https://openalex.org/W2106041606","https://openalex.org/W2114292593","https://openalex.org/W2117926272","https://openalex.org/W2121497251","https://openalex.org/W2122373168","https://openalex.org/W2123843059","https://openalex.org/W2132804226","https://openalex.org/W2133724338","https://openalex.org/W2147741986","https://openalex.org/W2149521191","https://openalex.org/W2152245598","https://openalex.org/W2166438965","https://openalex.org/W2498410353","https://openalex.org/W2564566221","https://openalex.org/W4242781462","https://openalex.org/W4248956746","https://openalex.org/W4255799839"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W3199208762","https://openalex.org/W2793870640","https://openalex.org/W2536755009","https://openalex.org/W604633266","https://openalex.org/W3141553291","https://openalex.org/W2004227547"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Various":[0],"industry":[1],"forecasts":[2],"project":[3],"that,":[4],"by":[5],"2020,":[6],"there":[7],"will":[8,40,62],"be":[9,41],"around":[10],"50":[11],"billion":[12],"devices":[13,39,80,152],"connected":[14],"to":[15,22,26,44,85,149,198],"the":[16,45,52,112,133,143,184,191],"Internet":[17],"of":[18,37,55,60,88,114,135,145,177,193],"Things":[19],"(IoT),":[20],"helping":[21],"engineer":[23],"new":[24],"solutions":[25],"societal-scale":[27],"problems":[28],"such":[29],"as":[30],"healthcare,":[31],"energy":[32,147],"conservation,":[33],"transportation,":[34],"etc.":[35],"Most":[36],"these":[38,79,169],"wireless":[42,125,186],"due":[43],"expense,":[46],"inconvenience,":[47],"or":[48],"in":[49,127,157,172,205],"some":[50,98,158],"cases,":[51,159],"sheer":[53],"infeasibility":[54],"wiring":[56],"them.":[57],"Further,":[58],"many":[59],"them":[61,181],"have":[63],"stringent":[64],"size":[65],"constraints.":[66],"With":[67],"no":[68],"cord":[69],"for":[70,75,101],"power":[71,116,138,210],"and":[72,124,141,174,200],"limited":[73],"space":[74],"a":[76,92,128],"battery,":[77],"powering":[78],"(to":[81],"achieve":[82],"several":[83],"months":[84],"possibly":[86],"years":[87],"unattended":[89],"operation)":[90],"becomes":[91],"daunting":[93],"challenge.":[94],"This":[95],"paper":[96],"highlights":[97],"promising":[99],"directions":[100],"addressing":[102],"this":[103],"challenge,":[104],"focusing":[105],"on":[106,165],"three":[107],"main":[108],"building":[109,170],"blocks:":[110],"(a)":[111],"design":[113],"ultra-low":[115],"hardware":[117],"platforms":[118],"that":[119,179,207],"integrate":[120],"computing,":[121],"sensing,":[122],"storage,":[123],"connectivity":[126],"tiny":[129],"form":[130],"factor,":[131],"(b)":[132],"development":[134],"intelligent":[136],"system-level":[137],"management":[139],"techniques,":[140],"(c)":[142],"use":[144,180],"environmental":[146],"harvesting":[148],"make":[150],"IoT":[151],"self-powered,":[153],"thus":[154],"decreasing":[155],"--":[156,162],"even":[160],"eliminating":[161],"their":[163],"dependence":[164],"batteries.":[166],"We":[167],"discuss":[168],"blocks":[171],"detail":[173],"illustrate":[175],"case-studies":[176],"systems":[178,206],"judiciously,":[182],"including":[183],"QUBE":[185],"embedded":[187],"platform,":[188],"which":[189],"exploits":[190],"characteristics":[192],"emerging":[194],"non-volatile":[195],"memory":[196],"technologies":[197],"seamlessly":[199],"efficiently":[201],"enable":[202],"long-running":[203],"computations":[204],"experience":[208],"frequent":[209],"loss":[211],"(i.e.,":[212],"intermittently":[213],"powered":[214],"systems).":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-08T08:50:53.379069","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}