{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020827807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2627369.2627645","title":"StoRM","display_name":"StoRM","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020827807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2627369.2627645","mag":"2020827807"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2627369.2627645","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2627369.2627645","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2014 international symposium on Low power electronics and design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039111452","display_name":"Vinay K. Chippa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinay K. Chippa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 475 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 475 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010094713","display_name":"Swagath Venkataramani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0470-6364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swagath Venkataramani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 475 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 475 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031161187","display_name":"Kaushik Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0735-9695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaushik Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 475 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 475 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065766721","display_name":"Anand Raghunathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4624-564X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anand Raghunathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 475 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, 475 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"39","last_page":"44"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-computing","display_name":"Stochastic computing","score":0.9260448217391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7668817043304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5535523891448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.49758341908454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.42958593368530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4224313497543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3483060598373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.33101120591163635}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780971903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2933705","display_name":"Stochastic computing","level":3,"score":0.9260448217391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7668817043304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5535523891448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.49758341908454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.42958593368530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4224313497543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3483060598373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.33101120591163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2627369.2627645","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2627369.2627645","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2014 international symposium on Low power electronics and design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G662207903","display_name":"CSR: Small: Scalable Effort Design: Exploiting Algorithmic Resilience for Energy Efficiency","funder_award_id":"1018621","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1805923393","https://openalex.org/W1996431812","https://openalex.org/W2003056114","https://openalex.org/W2003957094","https://openalex.org/W2007614029","https://openalex.org/W2010468809","https://openalex.org/W2019751845","https://openalex.org/W2026005150","https://openalex.org/W2027269053","https://openalex.org/W2043607059","https://openalex.org/W2057434193","https://openalex.org/W2077344647","https://openalex.org/W2091968665","https://openalex.org/W2099690171","https://openalex.org/W2101765144","https://openalex.org/W2104578404","https://openalex.org/W2109489315","https://openalex.org/W2109722477","https://openalex.org/W2109884165","https://openalex.org/W2145539833","https://openalex.org/W2151770284","https://openalex.org/W2152977845","https://openalex.org/W2156425544","https://openalex.org/W2296101864"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391183369","https://openalex.org/W4226092179","https://openalex.org/W4306791972","https://openalex.org/W4400134053","https://openalex.org/W2910319223","https://openalex.org/W4390846322","https://openalex.org/W3212867030","https://openalex.org/W1740594162","https://openalex.org/W2946056769","https://openalex.org/W4205483694"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recognition":[0,30],"and":[1,18,31,59,72,78,127,141,157,183,209,237],"Mining":[2,32],"are":[3,8,81],"emerging":[4],"application":[5],"domains":[6],"that":[7,84,228],"becoming":[9],"prevalent":[10],"across":[11,117],"the":[12,66,73,86,132,136,147,162,179,229,235],"entire":[13],"spectrum":[14],"of":[15,54,68,88,97,101,121,149,164,178,239],"computing":[16,49],"platforms,":[17],"place":[19],"very":[20],"high":[21],"demands":[22],"on":[23],"their":[24,170],"capabilities.":[25],"We":[26,123,144],"propose":[27],"a":[28,98,107,192,202],"Stochastic":[29,37,48,102],"processor":[33],"(StoRM),":[34],"which":[35],"uses":[36],"Computing":[38],"(SC)":[39],"to":[40,114,134,151,167,175,187,188],"efficiently":[41],"realize":[42],"computational":[43],"kernels":[44],"from":[45],"these":[46],"domains.":[47],"facilitates":[50],"compact,":[51],"power-efficient":[52],"realization":[53],"arithmetic":[55],"operations":[56],"by":[57],"representing":[58],"processing":[60,126,130],"information":[61],"as":[62],"pseudo-random":[63],"bit-streams.":[64],"However,":[65],"overhead":[67],"conversion":[69,113],"between":[70,76,139],"representations,":[71],"exponential":[74],"relationship":[75],"precision":[77,140],"bit-stream":[79,142,181],"length,":[80,182],"key":[82],"challenges":[83],"limit":[85],"efficiency":[87],"stochastic":[89,129,180,240],"designs.":[90],"The":[91],"proposed":[92,230],"architecture":[93],"for":[94,191],"StoRM":[95,174,196],"consists":[96],"2D":[99],"array":[100],"Processing":[103],"Elements":[104],"(StoPEs)":[105],"with":[106],"streaming":[108],"memory":[109],"hierarchy,":[110],"enabling":[111],"binary-to-stochastic":[112],"be":[115],"amortized":[116],"rows":[118],"or":[119],"columns":[120],"StoPEs.":[122],"propos":[124],"vector":[125],"segmented":[128],"in":[131,169,219],"StoPEs":[133,150],"mitigate":[135],"unfavorable":[137],"tradeoff":[138],"length.":[143],"also":[145,226],"exploit":[146],"compactness":[148],"increase":[152],"parallelism,":[153],"thereby":[154],"improving":[155],"performance":[156],"energy":[158,190],"efficiency.":[159],"Finally,":[160],"leveraging":[161],"resilience":[163],"RM":[165],"applications":[166],"approximations":[168],"computations,":[171],"we":[172],"design":[173,204,231],"support":[176],"modulation":[177],"utilize":[184],"this":[185],"capability":[186],"optimize":[189],"desired":[193],"output":[194,207,220],"quality.":[195],"achieves":[197],"2-3X":[198],"energy-delay":[199],"improvements":[200,213],"over":[201],"conventional":[203],"without":[205],"sacrificing":[206],"quality,":[208],"upto":[210,215],"10X":[211],"(20X)":[212],"when":[214],"5%":[216],"(10%)":[217],"loss":[218],"quality":[221],"is":[222],"allowed.":[223],"Our":[224],"results":[225],"demonstrate":[227],"techniques":[232],"greatly":[233],"enhance":[234],"applicability":[236],"benefits":[238],"computing.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
