{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124700175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2619239.2626328","title":"FireFly","display_name":"FireFly","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124700175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2619239.2626328","mag":"2124700175"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2619239.2626328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2619239.2626328","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2619239.2626328","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM conference on SIGCOMM","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2619239.2626328","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001729885","display_name":"Navid Hamedazimi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Navid Hamedazimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084362754","display_name":"Zafar Ayyub Qazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0428-9919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zafar Qazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101643160","display_name":"Himanshu Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3271-3032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Himanshu Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079175103","display_name":"Vyas Sekar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5452-8976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vyas Sekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052004561","display_name":"Samir R. Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-3130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samir R. Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006970006","display_name":"Jon P. Longtin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3455-9286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jon P. Longtin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055487697","display_name":"Himanshu Shah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Himanshu Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077735112","display_name":"Ashish Tanwer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7792-2626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashish Tanwer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.272,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":236,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99693503,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"319","last_page":"330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurability","display_name":"Reconfigurability","score":0.8636733889579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6865789890289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rack","display_name":"Rack","score":0.5306084752082825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5129106044769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.49823474884033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4889928102493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-wireless","display_name":"Optical wireless","score":0.4161759614944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3331700563430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.320917546749115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1913195550441742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1736694574356079}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780149590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7302742","display_name":"Reconfigurability","level":2,"score":0.8636733889579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6865789890289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776843527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1351382","display_name":"Rack","level":2,"score":0.5306084752082825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5129106044769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.49823474884033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4889928102493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781305180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098907","display_name":"Optical wireless","level":3,"score":0.4161759614944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3331700563430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.320917546749115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1913195550441742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1736694574356079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2619239.2626328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2619239.2626328","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2619239.2626328","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM conference on SIGCOMM","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2619239.2626328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2619239.2626328","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2619239.2626328","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM conference on SIGCOMM","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1158838881","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1117719","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5638408589","display_name":"Collaborative Research:   NECO:  A Market-Driven Approach to Dynamic Spectrum Sharing","funder_award_id":"0831791","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7554337975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-0831791","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G980567793","display_name":"NeTS: Small: Collaborative Research: Understanding Traffic Dynamics in Cellular Data Networks and Applications to Resource Management","funder_award_id":"1117719","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdzmk74"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2124700175.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2124700175.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7810182","https://openalex.org/W148964820","https://openalex.org/W1577170445","https://openalex.org/W1698388015","https://openalex.org/W1819859392","https://openalex.org/W1993010118","https://openalex.org/W2022191808","https://openalex.org/W2039183034","https://openalex.org/W2055190409","https://openalex.org/W2068384525","https://openalex.org/W2075509235","https://openalex.org/W2084450102","https://openalex.org/W2087392909","https://openalex.org/W2089867501","https://openalex.org/W2096313289","https://openalex.org/W2097926925","https://openalex.org/W2102090846","https://openalex.org/W2115412108","https://openalex.org/W2115478677","https://openalex.org/W2115546448","https://openalex.org/W2119638333","https://openalex.org/W2124700175","https://openalex.org/W2126210439","https://openalex.org/W2129437643","https://openalex.org/W2130531694","https://openalex.org/W2140252023","https://openalex.org/W2143217585","https://openalex.org/W2146102702","https://openalex.org/W2147118406","https://openalex.org/W2149236835","https://openalex.org/W2151668565","https://openalex.org/W2156402011","https://openalex.org/W2157614013","https://openalex.org/W2161455936","https://openalex.org/W2163451018","https://openalex.org/W2163769126","https://openalex.org/W2174784067","https://openalex.org/W2294599239","https://openalex.org/W2400388873","https://openalex.org/W2475250445","https://openalex.org/W4235996589","https://openalex.org/W4238465620","https://openalex.org/W6634547471","https://openalex.org/W6639334676","https://openalex.org/W6673340818","https://openalex.org/W6674690999","https://openalex.org/W6684402220"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544665014","https://openalex.org/W2748364266","https://openalex.org/W4243861219","https://openalex.org/W2556374054","https://openalex.org/W2069545207","https://openalex.org/W2092579166","https://openalex.org/W2969723039","https://openalex.org/W1977947048","https://openalex.org/W2914540329","https://openalex.org/W2906337187"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conventional":[0],"static":[1],"datacenter":[2],"(DC)":[3],"network":[4,39,59,64,183],"designs":[5],"offer":[6,22,96],"extreme":[7,68],"cost":[8],"vs.":[9],"performance":[10,25],"tradeoffs---simple":[11],"leaf-spine":[12],"networks":[13],"are":[14,27,76,81,88],"cost-effective":[15],"but":[16,26],"oversubscribed,":[17],"while":[18],"\"fat":[19],"tree\"-like":[20],"solutions":[21,125],"good":[23],"worst-case":[24],"expensive.":[28],"Recent":[29],"results":[30],"make":[31,139],"a":[32,157,161],"promising":[33],"case":[34,141],"for":[35,142],"augmenting":[36],"an":[37,57],"oversubscribed":[38],"with":[40],"reconfigurable":[41],"inter-rack":[42,58],"wireless":[43,124],"or":[44],"optical":[45],"links.":[46],"Inspired":[47],"by":[48,154],"the":[49,67,140,149],"promise":[50],"of":[51,101,151,160],"reconfigurability,":[52],"this":[53,115,152],"paper":[54],"presents":[55],"FireFly,":[56],"solution":[60],"that":[61],"pushes":[62],"DC":[63],"design":[65,184],"to":[66,113,119,127,176],"on":[69],"three":[70],"key":[71],"fronts:":[72],"(1)":[73],"all":[74,79],"links":[75,80],"reconfigurable;":[77],"(2)":[78],"wireless;":[82],"and":[83,107,134,171,179,185],"(3)":[84],"non":[85],"top-of-rack":[86],"switches":[87],"eliminated":[89],"altogether.":[90],"This":[91],"vision,":[92,116],"if":[93],"realized,":[94],"can":[95],"significant":[97],"benefits":[98],"in":[99,182],"terms":[100],"increased":[102],"flexibility,":[103],"reduced":[104],"equipment":[105],"cost,":[106],"minimal":[108],"cabling":[109],"complexity.":[110],"In":[111],"order":[112],"achieve":[114],"we":[117,138],"need":[118],"look":[120],"beyond":[121],"traditional":[122],"RF":[123],"due":[126],"their":[128],"interference":[129],"footprint":[130],"which":[131],"limits":[132],"range":[133],"data":[135],"rates.":[136],"Thus,":[137],"using":[143,168],"free-space":[144],"optics":[145],"(FSO).":[146],"We":[147],"demonstrate":[148],"viability":[150],"architecture":[153],"(a)":[155],"building":[156],"proof-of-concept":[158],"prototype":[159],"steerable":[162],"small":[163],"form":[164],"factor":[165],"FSO":[166],"device":[167],"commodity":[169],"components":[170],"(b)":[172],"developing":[173],"practical":[174],"heuristics":[175],"address":[177],"algorithmic":[178],"system-level":[180],"challenges":[181],"management.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
