{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006434824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2597889","title":"GROK-LAB","display_name":"GROK-LAB","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006434824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2597889","mag":"2006434824"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2597889","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2597889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112809824","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","issn_l":"1936-7406","issn":["1936-7406","1936-7414"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068241166","display_name":"Benjamin Gojman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Gojman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003803385","display_name":"Sirisha Nalmela","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1339145263","display_name":"Juniper Networks (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02pwct569","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339145263"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sirisha Nalmela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Juniper Networks, Westford, MA","Juniper Networks, Westford, MA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Juniper Networks, Westford, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1339145263"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Juniper Networks, Westford, MA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1339145263"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100896018","display_name":"Nikil Mehta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikil Mehta","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA","[California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066791035","display_name":"Nicholas Howarth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1035-8885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Howarth","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087585086","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 DeHon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9177-7699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Dehon","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068241166"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3419,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89536271,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.8321312665939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7893986701965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.6128318309783936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lookup-table","display_name":"Lookup table","score":0.583759605884552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-variation","display_name":"Process variation","score":0.5531759858131409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.5058659911155701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.49819135665893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.49535027146339417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.48799341917037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4834367036819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.47802481055259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.45241376757621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-block","display_name":"Logic block","score":0.4372764229774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3449147939682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.34204596281051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.29264843463897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.126327246427536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08777680993080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.08409005403518677}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.8321312665939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7893986701965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.6128318309783936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134835016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690265","display_name":"Lookup table","level":2,"score":0.583759605884552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93389723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247313","display_name":"Process variation","level":3,"score":0.5531759858131409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.5058659911155701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49819135665893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49535027146339417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.48799341917037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4834367036819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.47802481055259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.45241376757621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778325283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125244","display_name":"Logic block","level":3,"score":0.4372764229774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3449147939682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.34204596281051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.29264843463897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.126327246427536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08777680993080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.08409005403518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2597889","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2597889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112809824","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","issn_l":"1936-7406","issn":["1936-7406","1936-7414"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:53908","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150121-071331821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402161","display_name":"CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3723704267","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-0904577","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","funder_display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations","ror":"https://ror.org/01mng8331"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W612784192","https://openalex.org/W2005671831","https://openalex.org/W2008694370","https://openalex.org/W2022202043","https://openalex.org/W2033756824","https://openalex.org/W2054335665","https://openalex.org/W2073239852","https://openalex.org/W2079994617","https://openalex.org/W2098762322","https://openalex.org/W2099278122","https://openalex.org/W2108165851","https://openalex.org/W2116775565","https://openalex.org/W2125433130","https://openalex.org/W2131581217","https://openalex.org/W2135291295","https://openalex.org/W2153552399","https://openalex.org/W2158101706","https://openalex.org/W2166290916","https://openalex.org/W2207955354","https://openalex.org/W2268854263","https://openalex.org/W2275304190","https://openalex.org/W3144412177","https://openalex.org/W4238913942"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119312496","https://openalex.org/W4247460323","https://openalex.org/W2366554144","https://openalex.org/W2537086382","https://openalex.org/W2003435315","https://openalex.org/W2107909712","https://openalex.org/W2153162275","https://openalex.org/W2024574431","https://openalex.org/W2079259690","https://openalex.org/W789543267"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Timing":[0,51,77,155],"Extraction":[1,52,78,156],"identifies":[2],"the":[3,15,27,35,45,60,62,69,73,80,96,110,125,133,196],"delay":[4,16,63,97],"of":[5,17,26,34,39,64,68,95,112,122,142,153,198],"fine-grained":[6,28],"components":[7,106,147],"within":[8],"an":[9,86,149],"FPGA.":[10,46,74],"From":[11],"these":[12,49],"computed":[13],"delays,":[14,50],"any":[18],"path":[19],"can":[20],"be":[21],"calculated.":[22],"Moreover,":[23],"a":[24,31,65,93,115,120,169,188],"comparison":[25],"delays":[29,108],"allows":[30],"detailed":[32],"understanding":[33],"amount":[36],"and":[37,177],"type":[38],"process":[40,135],"variation":[41,141,178],"that":[42,132,159,191],"exists":[43],"in":[44,59,72,168],"To":[47],"obtain":[48,92],"measures,":[53],"using":[54],"only":[55],"resources":[56],"already":[57],"available":[58],"FPGA,":[61,173],"small":[66],"subset":[67],"total":[70],"paths":[71,174],"We":[75],"apply":[76],"to":[79,91,99,114,166,184],"Logic":[81],"Array":[82],"Block":[83],"(LAB)":[84],"on":[85,109,138],"Altera":[87],"Cyclone":[88,170],"III":[89],"FPGA":[90],"view":[94],"down":[98],"near-individual":[100],"LUT":[101],"SRAM":[102],"cell":[103],"granularity,":[104],"characterizing":[105],"with":[107,119,146],"order":[111],"tens":[113],"few":[116],"hundred":[117],"picoseconds":[118],"resolution":[121],"\u00b13.2ps,":[123],"matching":[124],"expected":[126],"error":[127],"bounds.":[128],"This":[129],"information":[130],"reveals":[131],"65nm":[134],"used":[136],"has,":[137],"average,":[139],"random":[140,199],"\u03c3":[143,181,185],"\u03bc":[144,182,186],"=4.0%":[145],"having":[148],"average":[150],"maximum":[151],"spread":[152],"83ps.":[154],"also":[157],"shows":[158],"as":[160],"V":[161,193],"DD":[162,194],"decreases":[163],"from":[164,180],"1.2V":[165],"0.9V":[167],"IV":[171],"60nm":[172],"slow":[175],"down,":[176],"increases":[179],"=4.3%":[183],"=5.8%,":[187],"clear":[189],"indication":[190],"lowering":[192],"magnifies":[195],"impact":[197],"variation.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
