{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2087178199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2592798.2592803","title":"WCMP","display_name":"WCMP","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2087178199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2592798.2592803","mag":"2087178199"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2592798.2592803","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2592798.2592803","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Computer Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032317228","display_name":"Junlan Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junlan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000475374","display_name":"Malveeka Tewari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malveeka Tewari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc. and University of California, San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc. and University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067517357","display_name":"Min Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4359-1552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038104302","display_name":"Abdul Kabbani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7106-3824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Kabbani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112776179","display_name":"Leon Poutievski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leon Poutievski","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039301888","display_name":"Arjun Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3475-077X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arjun Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050245571","display_name":"Amin Vahdat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4866-1698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin Vahdat","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032317228"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.0237,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":201,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99499008,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8071272373199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6964434385299683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.6871473789215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.6241273283958435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5667230486869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5609275698661804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5574387907981873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-center","display_name":"Data center","score":0.5176987648010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.4604075849056244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.41730672121047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3629244565963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11168426275253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08441147208213806}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8071272373199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6964434385299683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.6871473789215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.6241273283958435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5667230486869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5609275698661804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5574387907981873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153740404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671224","display_name":"Data center","level":2,"score":0.5176987648010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.4604075849056244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.41730672121047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3629244565963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11168426275253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08441147208213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2592798.2592803","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2592798.2592803","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Computer Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13083931","https://openalex.org/W148964820","https://openalex.org/W1492706280","https://openalex.org/W1501204926","https://openalex.org/W1543942291","https://openalex.org/W1550338890","https://openalex.org/W1698388015","https://openalex.org/W1965068506","https://openalex.org/W1970205955","https://openalex.org/W2025177582","https://openalex.org/W2073965851","https://openalex.org/W2096811399","https://openalex.org/W2101352979","https://openalex.org/W2110514750","https://openalex.org/W2115546448","https://openalex.org/W2126210439","https://openalex.org/W2130531694","https://openalex.org/W2142480021","https://openalex.org/W2157614013","https://openalex.org/W2164998096","https://openalex.org/W2168595508","https://openalex.org/W2169246522","https://openalex.org/W2173213060","https://openalex.org/W2248064281","https://openalex.org/W2798915702","https://openalex.org/W2946046356","https://openalex.org/W3145128584","https://openalex.org/W4238465620","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4322358105","https://openalex.org/W6606063390","https://openalex.org/W6632490965","https://openalex.org/W6684773649","https://openalex.org/W6691190440","https://openalex.org/W7029321148"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055187606","https://openalex.org/W1969542292","https://openalex.org/W4214914670","https://openalex.org/W1498304890","https://openalex.org/W3006216828","https://openalex.org/W2084875360","https://openalex.org/W2904165227","https://openalex.org/W3123077549","https://openalex.org/W70469698","https://openalex.org/W2770088598"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Data":[0],"Center":[1],"topologies":[2],"employ":[3],"multiple":[4],"paths":[5,37],"among":[6,25,34],"servers":[7],"to":[8,49,81],"deliver":[9],"scalable,":[10],"cost-effective":[11],"network":[12],"capacity.":[13],"The":[14],"simplest":[15],"and":[16,52,69],"the":[17,35],"most":[18],"widely":[19],"deployed":[20],"approach":[21],"for":[22,92],"load":[23,54],"balancing":[24,55],"these":[26],"paths,":[27],"Equal":[28],"Cost":[29],"Multipath":[30],"(ECMP),":[31],"hashes":[32],"flows":[33],"shortest":[36],"toward":[38],"a":[39,66],"destination.":[40],"ECMP":[41,63],"leverages":[42],"uniform":[43],"hashing":[44],"of":[45],"balanced":[46],"flow":[47,89],"sizes":[48],"achieve":[50],"fairness":[51],"good":[53],"in":[56,76,88],"data":[57],"centers.":[58],"However,":[59],"we":[60],"show":[61],"that":[62,78],"further":[64],"assumes":[65],"balanced,":[67],"regular,":[68],"fault-free":[70],"topology,":[71],"which":[72],"are":[73],"invalid":[74],"assumptions":[75],"practice":[77],"can":[79],"lead":[80],"substantial":[82],"performance":[83],"degradation":[84],"and,":[85],"worse,":[86],"variation":[87],"bandwidths":[90],"even":[91],"same":[93],"size":[94],"flows.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
